There are three main neuron structures:

1. Sensory Neurons

2. Motor Neurons

3. Interneurons

A neuron is a special nerve cell that receives, transmits and processes information to other cells in our bodies.
Neurons produce information which is passed through to electro chemical signals which happen to be called action potentials. Action Potentials travel down the length of the neuron.

This is a Synapse Structure:

The synapse function is to transfer electric activity (AKA Information) from one cell and to the other.

Signals are send through the synapse into dendrites. From there on it enters the cell body and travels to the axon where the brain has decided what to do with the information given.