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The ideas mostly comes from the sources, what is important is to find the main idea of the question that we need to answer, then argue about the thesis. About operation of compare and contrast, I compare the Indian Horse and Sugar Falls so that I summarized the effects of residential school on First Nation people. And by contrasting two different protagonist, I get two different attitudes of facing racism disrimination. Similarly, from an objective point of view, both sources are put together to get a main conclusion about the subject. Differently, although I should bring into the role in the comparison, the motivation of the role and the background of the article should be analyzed objectively.
Abuse begins with culture and ends with culture
Reflection:
I will improve my gramma issues and vocabulary mistakes next time and try to make my sentences more clearly to understand. And I will also try to make my thesis more concise and strong and try to capture the main idea in succinct words.
I think I did a good job in my argument to make it revolves around the thesis. I picked useful and strong evidence from the sources, and I try my best to use the formatting language to make it more normative.
https://www.indianhorse.ca/files/og-book-cover.jpgss
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Abuse begins with culture and ends with culture
Residential Schools in Canada bring dark and painful experience to First Nation people. Students who survived from the Residential School also changed a lot, so what is the effect of the Residential School on First Nation people? Author David Alexander Robertson wrote the graphic novel, Sugar Falls. It is based onthe true story of Betty Ross from Cross Lake First Nation. The whole story is set in Canada. When Betsy is eight, she is taken to Residential School and abused. Her father’s word about trusting the relation gives her strength to resist the cruelty. Richard Wagamese is a famous Canadian author and journalist who grew up in an Ojibway family. Indian Horse is based on his Residential School experience. The story happens in Northern Ontario, where Saul grows up in an Ojibway family. After his family breaks and Grandma dies, he is taken to Residential School. The experience of being abused makes him isolated andaddicted to hockey to protect himself. When the only happiness is taken away, he starts to degenerate. However, like Betsy, he heals himself through the traditional way, which is going back and revisiting his past. Finally, at Gods Lake, he knows he has a stronger relationship between his people, although he experienced so much pain and discrimination, he has already strong enough to move on. In contrast, the effects are Betsy loses her hearing in left ear and friends who has passed away. Through her father’s words, she became strong and the best student to resist the cruelty.In Indian Horse, Saul was isolated by First Nations students because he can speak English and white people because of his skin color, thus he closes his heart to protect himself. Abuse makes him isolated and he abandons himself resulting in him becoming an alcoholic. Similarly,both of the protagonists live through and survive Residential Schools. Betsy and Saul heal themselves through the help of their adoptive parents by turning to First Nations traditional ways. Racism and abuse in Residential Schools may make First Nations people ashamed and traumatized, but if people trust their tradition and culture, they will heal themselves and move on.
In Sugar Falls, although Betsy eventually survived Residential School, she also lost her hearing and her friends forever. Sister Marie beats Betsy because she used her own language to communicate with her friends. The long punishment time makes her unable to timely treat her injured ear and thus lost her hearing: “She kicked me so hard I lost my hearing in my ears. Sister Marie loved to see us beg for mercy as she set us on her path of righteousness,” (Robertson, 30). In Residential School, the nun abuses the First Nation children to see them begging for mercy. Nuns not only physically torture children, but also insult their dignity and cause psychological fear. However, Betsy does not give in to the nun, thus she has paid the price of losing her hearing. In addition to the physical pain of losing her hearing, the loss of a significant friend has a greater impact on her. Flora cannot stand the cruelty, so she decides to escape from the Residential School by swimming across the lake. But in the end, Betsy could only watch her drown in the lake. At Flora’s funeral, the prayer of the priest makes Betsy angry and helpless, because it was their abuse that indirectly led to her friend’s death, and no matter what they do, Flora will never come back: “And for me, these was only anger left. He was preaching for her, but she had been running from him,” (Robertson, 33). The discrimination at Residential School makes her helpless and angry about Flora’s death and what had happened to her. The experience affects her a lot; therefore, she wants to commit suicide to end her life in the Residential School.
In addition, the Residential Schools not only influence Betsy and make her want to commit suicide, but also make Saul from simple become unsociable, violent, and ended up an alcoholic. When he is ten, Saul is taken to Residential School and isolated by Ojibway kids because he can speak English; therefore, he chooses to close his heart as protection from injury and pain. Since then he has isolated himself from others, which is the main factor causing his later painful experience:
…They had bent their heads close together as they mopped the halls or. mucked out the barn stalls and speak Ojibway. I learned that ventriloquism eventually, but in the beginning, they saw me as an outsider.
I did not mind that. I was sore inside. The tearing away of the bush and my people was like ripped flesh in my belly. Every time I moved or was forces to speak, it roared its incredible pain. And so, I took to isolation. I was not a large boy and I could disappear easily, (Wagamese,48).
Saul wants to abandon himself, so he hints himself that he does not care about it. But the damage of being isolated at the Residential School filled him with pain, so he chooses isolation as a shield to protect his heart from harm. However, isolation also separated him from others and makes his heart more suffering in the days that followed. Besides the isolation, hockey is also the protection for him, so when it cannot protect him anymore, the experience of being abused and hurt at Residential School will deeply affect him, making his dignity begin to crumble: “When that happened, I knew that the game could not offer me protection any longer. The truth of the abuse and the rape of my ignorance were closer to the surface, and I used anger and rage and physical violence to block myself off from it,” (Wagamese,200). When Saul grows up, he remembers being raped and discriminated against in Residential School because of his ignorance. Therefore, painful abuse in Residential School and loss of only happiness makes him turn to alcohol and violence.
Even though Residential Schools have some negative effect on Betsy and Saul, the most important thing is to let them grow up in the painful past and be closer to their own culture. In Sugar Falls, the abuse and death of Flora make Betsy want to commit, but what stops her is her father’s word, believing that her relationship with tradition will be the salvation from difficulties: “I remembered the word of my father. When the darkness comes, let this strength be a light, let it guide you away from the pain, I am not saying the road was easy after that. But no matter what they did to me, I held on to myself, my language and my spirit,” (Robertson, 36-38). In the face of real suffering, relationship with culture can exert real power. In the lake, she remembered her promise and her culture. Although the life of the Residential School is still hard, she can find herself through the spirit of her culture, would not be beaten down again by abuse in Residential School. Similarly, Saul also gets out of the past through his relationship with culture. When he goes back and revisit his past, he makes the Gods Lake, he saw his family, so he knows all his painful experience is started at his Ojibway culture and also should end with it: “As I watched, it became the shining face of a rink and, where Indian boys in cast-off skates laughed in the thrill of the game… I offered tobacco to the lake where everything ended, and I offered my thanks aloud in an Ojibway prayer,” (Wagamese, 206). When he connects with tradition then to revisits his past. Instead of using alcohol to forget his painful experience and give up on himself, now he can face up to the abuse he has received in the past. After healing himself through traditional methods. he can hold on himself, his spirit, and his tradition.
In conclusion, although racism and abuse in Residential Schools make First Nation people angry and self-abandoned, the positive is that suffering also brings them closer to their culture and tradition, if they trust their spirit, they can heal themselves and move on. InSugar Falls,Betsy lost her hearing and friends because of abuse in Residential School, but her culture and spirit saved her when she wanted to commit suicide. In Indian Horse, when Saul gives up himself and becomes an alcoholic because his innocence was trampled on by the school, the relationship with his culture and family healed him. Therefore, when humans trust their culture and hold on themselves, no matter how hard the situation is, they can solve it. Indigenous people need more respect and help, although the government has abolished Residential Schools, there is still a need for society to respect and understand Indigenous people.
Bibliography
Wagamese, Richard. Indian Horse: a Novel. Douglas and McIntyre, 2016.
Robertson, David, and Scott B. Henderson. Sugar Falls: a Residential School Story. HighWater Press, 2011.
WWI Research Reflection
Colonial rule was carried out in Britain, France and other European countries, occupying a large area of land in the world. The industrialization of Britain, led by Britain, was far faster than that of other European countries, this has caused dissatisfaction in some countries, led by Germany, they want to wage war to change the world order. Nationalism played an important role in breaking through the shackles of medieval theocracy and promoting the nation state. However, with the transition from free capitalism to imperialism, European nationalism gradually went to the extreme and transformed into the theoretical basis and spiritual motivation for the foreign expansion and hegemony of the great powers. The germans regard themselves as the descendants of “pure” aryans, emphasizing the purity and nobility of their own blood, and believing that their nation is glorious and great, which is a kind of nationalism. Imperialism falls into two categories: “regressive imperialism” such as the Nazi-empire, and “progressive imperialism” such as the Roman Empire and British Empire. Militarism is derived from imperialism, such as Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire. An alliance is an interest group formed by several countries according to their own interests, like the Center Power were made up of German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Kingdom of Bulgaria, Triple Entente formed by England, France and Russia.
The event that directly started the war is assassination in Sarajevo. June 28, 1914 is Serbia’s National Day. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, the crown prince of the austro-hungarian empire, were visiting sarajevo when they were shot dead by the Serbian youth gavrilo princip.
The cartoon shows the chains between 2 groups of countries，the ones with the blue circles are the Triple Alliance，the rest represents the Triple Entente. It shows that before the WWI broke out, the tension between countries, all countries were ready to fight but no one started.
“Canadians marched and sang in the streets at the declaration of war in early August 1914. Those who opposed the war largely stayed silent. Even in Quebec, where pro-British sentiment was traditionally low, there was little apparent hostility to a voluntary war effort.” That means Canada supported WWI and is eager to play its part in the war.
And Canadian has an upsurge of patriotism
During world war I, Canada provided troops to the Triple Alliance as Canadian troops rather than as part of the British, this had an important impact on Canada’s subsequent place in the Paris peace conference.
The war in air: “These flyers were often depicted as “Knights of the Sky,” despite the hardships and cruelty of aerial warfare.” Air combat is the most attractive of the three, so the selection of soldiers is very strict. More than half of the air force was born in Canada and there were 171 Canadian air aces . Canadian flyers received at least 495 British decorations.
The war in sea: In 1910, the royal Canadian navy was established. To appease the royalists, the government stipulated that the Canadian navy could join the British naval fleet if necessary. But in the first world war, the size of the Canadian navy developed rapidly and played an important role in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
The war in land: The Canadian army planned well and prepared well in the battle, and successfully used the gunstep coordinated tactics. With the continuation of the war, the Canadian army fought bravely. For example, the front-line Canadian army took four days to defeat the enemy at the battle of Vimy Ridge and captured Vimy Ridge on Easter Sunday, 1917
Persuasive essay correction
Core Competencies Self Assessment
I try to use my own experience to represent the theme of the project. I try to list experiences similar to those of most people and try to avoid them, And my focus is on identifying the unique points of the event itself and the parts that can affect me the most; Therefore, I choose to study abroad, which is my lonely feeling.
Core-Competencies-Self-Assessment-Word-1p08z9z-s4ydlc
Narrative Essay
(The photo was taken in Coal Harbor, Vancouver.)
Strange city，different feel
Each teenager is curious about their new environment, but when she gets there, she will know the loneliness. Everyone is nervous about unknown things, but if she tries to face it, it will be known. Each person is struggling in a new environment, so if she never works hard, she will be a loser. I remembered the roar of the cars when I was looking out of the window in the car, the sound of non-Chinese radio reminds me that I have been in Canada. I should be happy because this is my first time to study abroad, but who knows why I feel so empty in my heart. Maybe the winter in Vancouver is colder than my hometown? Maybe it is because my family is not here? But I have no time to be sentimental. I had to knock the door to meet my new “home”.
As I moved two suitcases carefully, I looked through the information to find the door number. When I was standing at the gate, I clean my clothes quickly and make sure I look happy and excited, my heart was beating like the knock on the door, trying to calm myself and make a mature smile with all my might. Mrs. Kind opened the door.
“Oh! Hi! Nice to meet you!” The kind and surprisd smile appeared on her face.
“Hi, nice to meet you,” I replied, trying to make a smile to show I am not nervous.
“Uhm, sorry, how to read your name?” She showed a confused expression when she saw my Chinese name on the information paper.
“Well, you can just call me Rosa.”
She let me in, the wooden stairs creaked when walking down, and led me into a strange, new and empty room. After putting up the baggage, she served me some fruit and sandwich she made. I remember that time she passed me the sandwich and said sorry because she cannot cook Chinese cuisine. I felt I was sick, I do not know why everything I see, I hear, even the sliced ham in the bread make me miss home, I tried to forget and enjoy, but aching limbs, stiff back, and unclear head told me I had flight for 16 hours, this time yesterday I was sleeping in my own room, my own soft bed.
I thought I must have a red rim of eyes, so I offered to go back to my bedroom for a rest and miss her worried eyes.
The clank of the kitchen and the sizzle of the stir-fry woke me up, I went upstairs and saw she was putting the stir-fry on the table.
“Come here, taste my Chinese food!” A Big smile was on her face, I even see the deep lines in the corners beside her eyes.
The excess of vegetable soup was floating with oil, the fresh vegetable leaves lost moisture and became dry and deflated. Luckily, she did not cook it over. As I was trying it, the taste is like what it looks. But I glimpsed, I saw that her red skin because she was injured.
Because of her expectant eyes, I said: “It tastes like my mother’s cooking.”
“Oh, really, thank you! I’m glad you like it, I hope you won’t miss your family again after you eat it…” a satisfied smile on her face. She was comforting me.
Maybe she saw my red rim of eyes, maybe she hears my sobs, maybe she saw through my disguise from the start, so she knew I was nervous, I was missing home, I was strong holding back the tears. So, she tried what she cannot, and comfort me. She tried to teach me “I can”.
After that, I get out of missing home. The beauty of Canada needs me to find, homesickness may be inevitable, but the important thing is to try to adapt and perhaps struggle.
Doc.:Strange city-1ze5nj6
Spoken word reflection
Core competencies self-assessment
I try to use my own experience to represent the theme of the project. I try to list experiences similar to those of most people and try to avoid them, And my focus is on identifying the unique points of the event itself and the parts that can affect me the most; Therefore, I choose to study abroad, which is my lonely feeling.
Reflection #7
In the last century, people did not have much knowledge, they see the LGBTQ people as monsters, so they discriminate against them ideologically, homosexuality is even illegal. But from 1965, the laws changed, homosexuality is even illegal. Even at the legal level, they get the equal right not to be discriminated against, But in fact, discrimination still existed in the society until now. I think it not enough to be liberated at the legal level. We need people in our society to truly understand them so that they can be equal.
The first nation people are the native americans and their descendants in what is now Canada, but not the Inuit or Metis. From the 17th century, white settlers began to deport first nation people , and assimilated them. They use churched to set up some residential schools, laws were made to compel first nation children to attend school and by 1996 the last one was closed, more than 150,000 aboriginal children were forced into foster care, more than 4,000 of whom died of abuse, and 55,000 mixed-race children were forced into white foster care. Even where many aborigines now live, living conditions are poor and primitive, more than centuries of unequal treatment has led many people to take to alcohol, drugs and other bad habits, I think part of the problem is that the government is not paying enough attention. It was in 1998 that the government first said it “should apologize”, and the official apology was on June 11th 2008, now the idea of white supremacy still exists in society, I think what we need is not only the understanding of the people in the society, but also the help of the government.
Idea for project: I think I will make a short story or a kind of art display. If I choose to make a flag, I think I will mix the symbols of several groups corresponding to major events in history but I haven’t find the symbol of Chinese head tax, so I hesitate to write a short story, but I am not confident about my grammar and words.
New apology
We need to apologize to the groups we have discriminated against and apology to someone who was hurt. In the past, we discriminated against others because of skin color, culture and sexual orientation, which caused unequal treatment to some groups of people politically and socially, we need apologize to them. If the society is not reconciled, it will affect people’s daily life and mental health, and affect social stability. The progress of the country and society will also be hindered. Even though the government has issued laws, they have gained equal rights on the legal level, but there are still people in society with stubborn traditional ideas who discriminate against them. I think Canadian need to understand them and learn to be tolerant, change mind and embrace them in real heart. I will learn more knowledge and take part in more such volunteer activities to contribute to reconciliation.
Reflection #6
History refers to the past events and actions of human society, as well as the systematic recording, interpretation and study of these event behaviors.
Before 1914 minorities were discriminated against：
Canada welcomed white immigrants from Europe, but the policy of openness did not live up to expectations, with an influx of asians. They see asians as occupying the position of white immigrants.
Chinese head tax: Before the first world war, a large number of Chinese immigrants came to Canada, while bringing a lot of cheap labor to Canada, it is also causing concern for the government. Chinese people are subject to discrimination both politically and socially, and the government has introduced Chinese head tax to curb Chinese immigration. In 1923, the Canadian government introduced the new Chinese immigration act, which completely banned the entry and naturalization of Chinese. This was a serious political public discrimination, which had a great negative impact on the society at that time
Asiatic Exclusion League Of BC in 1921: They discriminate against asians. They once destroyed shops in Chinatown and Japantown. I think that is a serious form of social discrimination, although there were no deaths.
Komogata Matu: Deny the Indian immigrants on board and keep them on board for a month.
This kind of blatant discrimination leads to the deterioration of social morality gradually, and it has a serious physical and mental impact on the discriminated people.
This kind of blatant discrimination leads to the deterioration of social morality gradually, and it has a serious physical and mental impact on the discriminated people, in 1900 women’s sphere has appeared in magazine, it is a milestone in the advancement of women’s status, which means that women’s lives are concerned by society. In world war I, men fought, and society needed women. It was a time of feminist activism, women were given the right to vote in 1918. It’s the first time Canadian women have officially entered the political arena, after that, women played an important role in politics, for example, there was first female senator. But although women have gained equal rights under the law, discrimination against women in society has not disappeared. Even though women education rates are increasing, even though they could work in the office, it was thought that they would just screw things up. Social thought cannot be changed overnight, people even women themselves still thought they need to learn how to cook and take care of men after graduation.