Category Archives: Uncategorized

How do Cells Multiply?

Mitosis and Meiosis:

Mitosis is the process of replicating a cell and splitting in into two. Before it starts this process it must meet the certain requirements to stat. The first is to replicate its DNA, secondly is to gather enough nutrients, and lastly to make sure the DNA is not damaged. Then there are four stages of mitosis. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.  First is Prophase: The nuclear membrane disappears then spindle fibers appear along with chromosomes forming X shapes. Metaphase: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and align them in the middle or equator of the cell.  Anaphase: The spindle fibers retreat to opposite poles of the cell pulling apart the chromosomes into two identical chromosomes. Telophase: Nuclear membrane forms around both new set of chromosomes and spindle fibers disappear. Cytokinesis: Finally cell splits into a identical daughter cell.

Source: http://www.bigstockphoto.com/image-78348347/stock-vector-6-stages-of-mitosis

Meiosis is process of cell division. Instead of one parent this needs two. Meiosis is also the production of gametes. Which are egg and sperm cells. Each cell has 23 chromosomes, a full chromosomes is 46, so half from the mother and the other half from the father. An example for sexual reproduction is internal fertilization is when a mans sperm reaches the women’s egg and starts the growth of a baby. The steps of meiosis is almost the same as mitosis but a bit longer. The first step is prophase I: X chromosomes form and spindle fibers form as well. Metaphase I: Chromosomes attach to one another (two x chromosomes.) and spindle fibers attach to them and align them in the middle. Anaphase I: The spindle fibers retreat to opposite poles and pulling apart the chromosomes apart into two identical X chromosomes. Telophase I: nuclear membrane appear around new set of chromosomes. Interkenesis. Cell separates into two daughter cells. Prophase II: Now there is two identical cells with their nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers form. Metaphase II: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and place them along the equator of the cell. Anaphase II: Spindle fibers go to opposite poles splitting the chromosomes into chromatids. Telophase II: Nuclear membrane forms around new chromatids and spindle fibers disappear. Cytokinesis: Both cell splits and there are now four new cells.

 

Source: https://www.howtosmile.org/topics/life-sciences

The difference between Meiosis and Mitosis:

In Mitosis there is only one parent, and in that matter there is no need to waste energy finding a mate. Also meiosis has two separation periods separating into 4 when mitosis only splits once into two daughter cells. Another difference is that in meiosis the homologues chromosomes separate not making them identical cells.  Making the daughter cell not identical but mitosis makes two identical cells.

How organisms grow:

All multi cellular organisms grow because of cell division. Cell division is making new cells all the time. Cell division is making one cell into two, with the help of mitosis. Like skin cells, they divide to develop the structure. This applies to any cell in a multi cellular organism. Each cell goes through the phase or dividing and they start with interphase. This phase is the longest out of the three steps, the cell must replicate its DNA, gather nutrients, and make sure its DNA is not damaged. Then mitosis go through the four stages of it, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. After that is finished the third step is the actual dividing of the cell, cytokinesis.

Source: http://helpytips.com/unbelievable-facts/body-functions-work-even-death/

First Peoples Principles of Learning

After our winter break we started to learn about the First Peoples Principles of Learning. We learned about how they learn on how they pass down information and how their learning should affect us. Here is a video about it.

Three quotes I want to talk about from The Principles of Learning and those are:

“Learning involves patience and time.”

Everything that you do needs patience, you can’t want or do something and have it done at the snap of your fingers and it done. You have to take your time and not rush or else it would look rushed and be not at its potential. We want everything to be the best  it can be but that involves time.

“Learning requires exploration of ones identity.”

This reflects on your identity as a person and where you fit in this world. It is also what connects us together. If you know what your identity is it will be easier to learn and grow because if you know yourself you would know how you learn.

“Learning is embedded in memory, history and story.”

This quote is talking about telling story’s information can be passed down. Also it means there is lots of learning from history, like what worked well between two nations or two tribes, what helped them unite for an example. People learn from their mistakes. For First Nation people, traditionally knowledge was kept orally, not by writing anything down but remember and telling the next generation.

These principles relate to our school work in our science projects that we have done and are going through at the moment. One project we did is the SSEP experiment. It is were we make groups and design a experiment to be sent up to the ISS and have it done there. At the start my group had some trouble coming up with an idea but then we had an idea about corrosion on an iron nail. It could help it in the future by knowing what metals to use in space if they are working with acid. Designing this project took loots of patience and a lot of time but our group just had to relax and work hard and it paid off.

Our next experiment was Engineering Brightness. We want invent a small light that is rechargeable with kinetic energy and  electromagnetism. We want these lights to go to the Dominican Republic where a lot of parts have light poverty. Our class had a Skype chat with students and teachers in the Dominican and they talked about how places could have only 2-3 hours of electricity usually in the day time to. Most people use kerosene lamps but those can cause cancer and fires in peoples homes. We are hoping that our design would be remembered and what we did and other generation can build off our idea to build even brighter better lights with new technology. We want to help others by building these lights and connecting two different countries together.

Mutation Story

Part 1.

As a new baby came into the world, his mother had passed down a mutation; colour blindness. In the development of the baby I came from the hosts mother genes onto the my host. My host, since he is a boy, the colour blind gene can only be found in the X chromosome. For girls it has to be in both X chromosomes. For a daughter she must have a colour blind father and a colour blind carrier mother. For this child’s mutation it means that one of his cones from his eyes are missing. He is red/green which is also called deuteranomaly and protanomaly  colour blind. Not able to tell the difference between red, green, brown, and orange. His mother was a “carrier” because she had the gene on one of X chromosomes. Then passed my self onto her son.

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The effects my host has is that the host has difficulty seeing certain colours. The story behind my hosts life is that ever since he was born he had problems distinguishing colour. By the age of three his parents noticed that he mistook colours, like mistaking green coloured leaves. Then he was sensitive to bright lights. His parents brought him to the eye doctor. They diagnosed him with colour blindness. His parents asked if they are anything to help this. Sadly the doctor said no this will be permanent. Then he got into school they were little troubles like grabbing the wrong colour of a marker on crayon. But when he gets home he can’t tell his game/controller is on or need to charge with either red or green. Once he gets older is does not get easier. He starts to pick out his own clothes and cant tell if he wearing red shirt or a green shirt. One day on one of his appointments with his eye doctor they mentioned a new type of lens that would help him see red and green better. I affected him in a way that cooking can be a tough. When he was cooking a steak one day he couldn’t say if it was still red or is it done? Same thing with cooking vegetables. I do have a huge impact on my hosts life. Unfortunately for this person, he will never see the world in its full colour and will his gene will affect his life forever.

colorblind

Part 2:

I needed to know how exactly colour blind people see, through their eyes. I also needed to know what is the most probable way for a child to genetically have that. Also what are the different types of colour blindness called, what can you tell what colour is which. Can you some how help or cure this gene, have surgery on your eye?

The process I used to find this information is that I researched what is like to be colour blind, then how genetically children are born with it then the affects of living with this mutation. My character/my host in the story is a red/green colour blind which means they have difficulty knowing the difference between red, green, brown, and orange.

How colour blind people see is that they cannot distinguish colours from each other ex. green, red, brown, and orange. The way the host was affected in my story was that his mother was a carrier of this gene, meaning she only had it in one X chromosome, and father did not have the gene. They had a 50% chance if their son would have the gene or not. But a way a girl can have that gene is that father if colour blind and mother is a carrier which makes 50% of daughter being colour blind, or being a carrier.

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Overall I think this project was good and also very good in a different, interesting way. In a area I could improve is that go more in depth of what is like to live in the eyes of a colour blind person. Going through his full life story more.

My sources:

http://www.colourblindawareness.org/colour-blindness/living-with-colour-vision-deficiency/

http://www.colourblindawareness.org/colour-blindness/inherited-colour-vision-deficiency/

http://www.colourblindawareness.org/colour-blindness/types-of-colour-blindness/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness

Information Fluency

`Three Strategies-

1.Finding owner of webpage

2.Using other sources to see if info is correct

3.Are there reviews?

find webpage- wordbook.com

1.Go to public school website

2.Click Library

3.Click on click here link

4.click on word book link.

-I learned how to tell whether a site is legit or not.

 

Poem Analysis

The poem I analyzed was called The Pulley by George Herbert

poem-analysis

The Pulley is about the creation of the world and the beauty of nature. Also it talks about mankind loving the world than god himself. The poem is a mythological phenomenon because the world being created is a mystery and an unusual thing to happen. The author is speaking in this poem narrating god and mankind and how mankind is treating god. Also how they are ignoring him.

The lyrics in this poem are concrete and abstract. “Then beauty flowed, then wisdom, honour, pleasure.”  The author is talking about when god created the world he created beauty, wisdom, honour, and pleasure. The author said “Bestow this jewel also on my creature, He would adore my gifts instead of me,” he is saying that mankind loved the gift more than the giver. The word choice in this poem gives the poem a complexity to the poem and makes it more interesting to read.

The tone of this poem is contemplative because it is god making the world and then is expressing his anger at mankind for not loving him for making the world. “But keep them with repining restlessness, Let him be rich and weary, that at least, If goodness lead him not, yet weariness May toss him to my breast.” The tone does change throughout the poem in a way that the first part is peaceful and relaxing, talking about the beauty in nature. But in the second part in changes into a angry, mad tone. It is this way because god is mad and mankind for not respecting him. This poem has a closed format with stanzas and rhyme schemes. There are five stanzas each with 5 lines. Also the rhyme scheme is ABABA with an end rhyme.

In The Pulley, the poet uses figurative  language such as imagery. An example of imagery would be, “Let him be rich and weary, that at least, If goodness lead him not, yet weariness May toss him to my breast. It gives the image of mankind being tired and lost in life. The poem does have punctuation and gives the story more of a deep and quite mood. The title of the poem is The Pulley which fits into the poem. The way it fits is that, god creating the world, lifting it up. The poet tells the story well and creates a setting for the reader. The poem has detail of what is going on around the world, which draws the reader into the poem.  The poem isn’t a tense piece of literature but does have a subtle angriness to it toward the end. The poem does show that God made a wonderful and beautiful world. Also it says that god is mad at mankind as well.

Currents from the Kitchen

Prediction: My prediction is that a lemon will have the greatest electric voltage.

Why: The lemon will have the most power because it has the most acidic properties. The electrons flow through the acid well and are able to create the voltage easily.img_1647

Observations:

When the grape was laying down on its side the volt charge went down.

We had to have one cord on the red plug and the other on the 3V.img_1646

Results:

Grape: The grape had a 2.5 volt charge

Apple: The apple had a 1.5 volt charge.

Lemon: The lemon had a 3 volt charge

My prediction was supported with the lemon having the greatest voltage charge.

Questions:

  • What kind of circuit will produce electron flow in your fruit/vegetable cell?  A series circuit
  • If your bulb doesn’t glow, how can you find out if electrons are flowing?   Look at the voltage meter to see if it has moved.
  • If your bulb doesn’t glow, why not?  There could not be enough electrons flowing.
  • How can we modify our experiment to improve our results?  Use more fruits with more acidic properties.
  • What is causing electrons to flow in this experiment? The electrolytes and acid
  • How can I use this in my everyday life? You can make a temporary battery.

SSEP Reflect

Define: We need to make up a experiment that we can test in micro-gravity and possibly help in the future

Microgravity is a state where there is very little gravity so it when people are up there they seem to float.

Our group wanted to come up with an experiment that was original and standing out to other groups.

Some of our brain storm ideas

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Dream: When thinking about our ideas, there was lots to come up but we thought about it more then in was impossible for the restrictions for the SSEP no flight list.  Some ideas are seeing if eggs would hatch in space the same way they hatch on earth. We turned that down because we had to fit whatever item we would have into a small tube. Another idea was to have a caterpillar in space, We would send a cocoon in the tube.

Discover: One of our ideas was to see if an iron galvanized nail corrode the same way in space. It would work with a small nail and a small amount of sulfuric acid. So we started to look into this idea more. Finally we decide this was the right choice. It took me all so sudden because the next day we were starting with the experiment.img_15681

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Design & Deliver: We started our experiment which was very exciting and to just think about the chance that our idea could be put up it space. Along the way of the experiment we took pictures almost everyday we could to see what was happening to the nail. In the first couple of days it was obvious that corrosion was happening because little specks of the nail were floating in the acid. After a week we saw a weird blue gel forming inside the beaker and around the nail. We later found out it was from the zinc and copper that galvanized the nail came off. img_16151

 

Debrief: At the end I was sad because I wanted to keep working on this project. It was a self directed project and we got to choose an experiment that we wanted to do and see if we could get our idea in space. The experiment was a fun thing to do and a great introduction to science 9 and high school.