Silviculture refers to the branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests. The silviculture system of BC province can be roughly divided into three kinds: clearcutting, partial cutting, and clearcutting with reserves. The names of these three methods show the cutting situation of the entire timber production process. And in the three kinds, clearcutting is the most common silvicultural system in BC province in the last 15 years. There’s data showing: “Until the mid-1990s, most harvesting on public lands in British Columbia involved clearcutting, From 1970 to 1998, clearcutting systems were applied on 87% of the area harvested on public land, and various partial cutting systems on 13%.” In addition, clearcutting refers to the main cutting method of cutting all or almost all mature trees within a short period of time (generally no more than 1 year), and then using artificial or natural regeneration to form same-age forests. For example, the area of Crown land reforested is almost as same as the area harvested two to five years earlier. The supply of wood would be all right if it were not for a sudden and large increase in production. And in the clearcutting system, the area after cutting trees each year grows almost as many new trees for recycling purposes. The application of large-scale clearcutting system will provide plenty of sunshine and water temperature conditions for large quantities of trees, so that trees can be cultivated in the same high-quality environment, which is conducive to the mass production of high-quality wood and the economic benefits of BC province. However, this damage to the soil to a certain extent, easy to cause soil erosion, soil fertility weakening. It can cause dramatic changes in local wildlife, and it can also have an impact on the landscape. Although clearcutting improves the recycling of trees and timber for sustainable development, it has an impact on the environment and biology. But another way, select logging is a kind of different from clearcutting the practice of cutting down one or two species of trees while brigade the rest intact. This method is to regularly select one or a group of excellent trees in a certain area to be cut down as wood, and keep other trees, and transplant new trees after cutting, to ensure the circulation and sustainability of trees in the area. This approach fills in clearcutting’s shortcoming. It can provide good landscapes, and there is no soil erosion caused by continuous forest cover for a long time. A good forest system is good for wildlife habitat. But it also increases the difficulty and cost of cutting. Each cutting will bring the risk of other trees being destroyed, which is not as convenient and simple as clearcutting’s large-scale operation. In BC province, silvicultural system has made great contributions to the sustainable development of forestry, such as clearcutting and select logging mentioned above. Both of them are applied in different areas at the same time, which can not only make trees develop sustainablely, but also provide more trees for us to apply sustainablely, and give consideration to economic benefits, wildlife and ecosystem. Until now, BC province has been well supplied with timber, and the forest and environment have not been destroyed to a large extent. The sustainable development of BC forestry can also be supported by a reserve of trees and sites that can be used continuously.
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