April
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November
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Midterm Self Evaluation – Anatomy & Physiology 12
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Open in new tab In the future, I will follow these suggestions to further improve my grade in A&P 12. Ironically enough, I am not currently following all of the suggestions to improve my marks, such as taking my own notes in class or asking enough questions to the teacher. I am very optimistic that my grade for this class will be keep climbing from my current state. Despite the fact that I am disappointed of my status as of current, I am glad that I found solutions to what I’m currently doing wrong and hopefully, I can turn it right back around from this point on.
February
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Biotechnology and Genetics : Whole Genome Sequencing
Whole Genome Sequencing
Whole Genome Sequencing is a procedure where the entire genome is sequenced as well as all of the DNA being sequenced as well. It is possible to determine the exact order of the nucleotides as well. Whole Genome Sequencing is currently the fastest method to sequence the whole genome. It is a method on perhaps finding a single genetic disorder in the genome to determine either the person has a disease or not. By knowing this, it will be possible to find out the antibiotics or treatment you can get to cure the disorder. Either it be eating something specifically or even getting more exercise.
I think the greatest advancement from Whole Genome Sequencing is finding a cure or an antibiotic for a disease. After testing for Whole Genome Sequencing, it will show if there has been a genetic disorder within the DNA and with that information, it can be determined that these specific observations are recorded for a specific disease. And with it, we can start the process for
making a cure for that disease. One example is about actor, Angelina Jolie. Angelina Jolie comes from a family that has Breast Cancer running through her family tree and after getting her genome sequenced, it has been official that she has had that same genetic disorder, ultimately meaning that she has been diagnosed with Breast cancer. At the end, she had decided that she will get her breasts surgically removed so that the cancer cannot spread. So this is a positive impact WGS had on a person, letting her dodge a bullet using this procedure.
The most common way that Whole Genome Sequencing is used is diagnosing patients with genetic disorders. It helps to identify the ones that doctors cannot catch through standard materials or symptoms. One example of this case is about a young boy named Harrison Snow. 
Although this is not a case that has been solved just with WGS but it has been identified already with symptoms, but it is a great example of showing the possibilities for curing a disease with WGS. Harrison was born with a very rare muscular disease that comes up around 1 in 500,000 people that did not allow him to easily speak, swallow, or breathe. After sequencing, it was known that Harrison was diagnosed with Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome. The family was told that there are only 5 types of drugs that can help cure this disease. And Harrison has started taking a specific syrup called Albuterol syrup 
and after around 4 weeks, it was possible to see a drastic change in his personality. Harrison’s mother, Susan exclaims that, “He has a ton of energy…we can hardly make him sit down to watch a TV show these days! He is talking much better, he is swallowing without issue, his breathing is slower and deeper. We have been so encouraged by the changes.” 
With this example, we can see the positive outcome that has come to Harrison’s family and the aspect that makes it even better is that nothing that required pain was included. Just a liquid that is drunk made a huge difference. We can see how much the use of biotechnology has improved on saving lives.
This form of biotechnology is a potential life saving, planet curing procedure in my opinion. Although this form of biotechnology has not been completely mastered and life-saving at the moment, I have a hunch that it will in the future. December of 2019, novel Coronavirus has been found and so far, it has taken almost around 2.5 million peoples’ lives and around 112 million peoples’ everyday lives. It is a deadly virus and there are vaccines coming out, but there will be more of this kind of things in the future. Since WGS shows us the genetic mutations that have happened in the body, with that we can see what COVID has changed in the human genome. With this method, we can compare the genomes with positive and negative tested people and find out the transmission of the virus. And with that info, we can create vaccines and cures and also, 
be able to prepare for future viruses. Although this may be a very useful method, WGS is incredibly expensive and it takes a bit of time as well. As well as gathering the materials are extremely difficult to do as specific sequencing tools are not available.
As this form of biotechnology has evolved over the past years, it has been saving more and more lives by the year. And it will continue to do so as scientists and doctors will have a better understanding about these genetic mutations and how we can fix them.
Sources
“Rare Disease Patient Success Stories.” Rare Genomics Institute, www.raregenomics.org/success-stories.
“What Are Whole Exome Sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing?: MedlinePlus Genetics.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Sept. 2020, medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/sequencing/.
“Whole Genome Sequencing.” Whole Genome Sequencing | Genes in Life, www.genesinlife.org/testing-services/testing-genetic-conditions/whole-genome-sequencing.
Janus, Joanna. “Using Whole Genome Sequencing to Help Combat COVID-19.” PHG Foundation, 27 Mar. 2020, www.phgfoundation.org/blog/wgs-to-combat-COVID-19.
“Whole-Genome Sequencing.” Illumina, www.illumina.com/techniques/sequencing/dna-sequencing/whole-genome-sequencing.html.
“Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Feb. 2016, www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/pathogens/wgs.html.
Research Template
Core Competency
November
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Core Competencies / Self Reflection – Français 10
June
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Foods 10 Competency Reflection
January
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Core Competencies
November
10
Everything I Know About Exponents
Describe how powers represent repeated multiplication
The power represents how many times you multiply the base by itself. For example : 2 to the power of 3 = 2 x 2 x 2 = because the base is 2. The answer will be 8. Therefore, powers represent repeated multiplication because the power shows how many times you have to multiply the base number by itself.
Demonstrate the difference between two given powers in which the exponent and the base are interchanged by using repeated multiplication, such as 23 and 32.
Because the powers show how many times the number has to multiply by itself, in repeated multiplication, it will look like this.
Just because the powers and the bases are interchanged, doesn’t mean the answer will be the same.
Explain the role of parentheses in powers by evaluating a given set of powers such as (-2)4, (-24), -24
When the base is in brackets and the power is not, multiply that number exactly in the brackets by whatever the power shows. When the power is also in brackets and the base is a negative number, the negative symbol is the coefficient. For example, -n3 = -1 x n x n x n. For -24, it would be the same answer as the one before.
Explain the exponent laws for raising a product and quotient to an exponent.
Product law : When there is multiplication between exponents and the bases are the same, we can leave the bases and we add the powers by themselves. In a longer version, it is not simply adding them together. When the example is the one shown below, it’s basically (x . x . x . x . x) . (x . x . x). After that, you would add all the x‘s together and get a result of x8. If we did it the longer way:
For example: 34 x 32
= (3x3x3x3) x (3×3)
=(4 threes and 2 threes)
=6 threes
=36
Example:
3(x4) x 2(x2)
=(3 x 2) x (x4+2)
=6x6
Quotient law : When it is dividing and the bases are the same, you subtract the powers by the first one and the next one. Again, for this you would do the same thing to find out why it’s 5 – 3. (x . x . x . x . x) ÷ (x . x . x). Then you would do subtraction 5 – 3 and get a result of x2. If we gave an example with a coefficient, it would look like this:
(15x5) ÷ (5x3)
(When evaluating the coefficient, you would evaluate it like normal division ex. 15 ÷ 5 whilst you do the quotient law on the x’s)
= (15 ÷ 5) (x5-3)
= 3x2
Use patterns to show that a power with an exponent of zero is equal to one.
The best way to explain it is when we use the quotient law. When it is x3/x3 it will equal x0 because it is x3-3 so it will equal x0. If x was 2 then it will be 8/8 but 8/8 equals 1 because there is one 8 in 8. Therefore, any exponent that has a power of 0 will equal to 1. Also x cannot equal 0.
Use patterns to explain the negative exponent law.
Whenever there is a negative exponent, we do not do the same that we would normally do with positive exponents but instead we make it into a fraction. If it was
x–n, we would try to get rid of the (-) sign so that we could actually solve the equation. To make it into a fraction, we discard the negative sign and put “1” as the numerator of our fraction. Just like the one shown on paper below.
The reason why we make it into a fraction is not simply getting a one. We’re actually finding the reciprocal of the negative sign which is 1. the negative sign is basically a coefficient of n.
I can identify the error in a simplification of an expression involving powers.
For most of the time, I can identify what mistakes I’ve done or what others done when they ask to review their quizzes or tests. When I have to identify the mistakes regarding the power law, product law, or the quotient law, it’s easy for me because it’s just the matter of adding, subtracting and multiplying which is a basic skill that we learn in elementary school. But when it’s the answer of a long and big question, I lack a bit of confidence because I have to go through all the steps again to verify. Also, sometimes I might make some mistakes too because no one is that perfect and I’m not a math teacher also.
For example, in a quiz in exponents that we got back, we had to correct our questions that were wrong but I never asked the teacher of what I got wrong. I knew right away what I got wrong and did the corrections without any struggle.
The question was:
x5 ● x3. As my wrong answer, I subtracted them so I got x2 instead of x8. Cool thing is, I knew exactly what I got wrong and didn’t need help unless I got something wrong that I really don’t know about.
Determine the sum and difference of two powers.
For example, we have this equation : 32 + 23
Using BEDMAS, we would first solve the exponents. So, it would be 9 + 8, then we would do the addition so it would equal 17.
For 32 – 23
It would be 9 – 8 so the answer would be 1
Use powers to solve problems (measurement problems)
If we are trying to find the area of a rectangle and the shorter side equals x4 and the longer side equals x7, we would use the product law since we are trying to find the area.
Applying the order of operations on expressions with powers involving negative exponents and variable bases.
When it is a negative power, we cannot do the same procedures as we would do for normal positive powers. When it is a negative power, we get the reciprocal of the power which in this case, would be 1/3 because that is the reciprocal of 3. Then we would keep the x with the power and it would turn into a fraction like the image above.
Another one for practice is this but it is a bit more hard.
1: You simplify the negative exponent on the top and move the x3 to the denominator, you use the product law to the ones in the brackets
2: Still on the denominator, use the power law to find a single power
3: Use product law to multiply the two powers on the denominator
4: Evaluate the exponent
Core Competencies Reflection
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