Science Biotechnology Project – Epigenetics

https://create.piktochart.com/output/37172231-untitled-infographic

 They have a memory of famine’: Some of the interesting things epigenetic experiments have shown

Tom Spears, Ottawa Citizen

Updated: September 8, 2017

 

https://ottawacitizen.com/technology/science/they-have-a-memory-of-famine-wild-epigenetic-experiments

 

 

 

A Super Brief and Basic Explanation of Epigenetics for Total Beginners

What is Epigenetics July 30 2018

https://www.whatisepigenetics.com/what-is-epigenetics/

 

 

SciShow

Published on Jan 22, 2012

Epigenetics

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp1bZEUgqVI

 

 

 

 

Epigenetics 101: a beginner’s guide to explaining everything

April 2014

The Guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2014/apr/25/epigenetics-beginners-guide-to-everything

 

 

 

 

 

 

Math 10 Week 4 – Equations for Trigonometry

This week, we learned the equations we need to determine the missing side length or degree using trigonometry.

Finding Missing Side Length:

After properly naming your sides, you are able to see if the equation will be a SIN, COS or TAN equation. You are able to determine this using the abbreviation SOH CAH TOA. Then you would solve the equation step by step.

Finding Missing Angle:

When finding the missing angle you are still able to use SOH CAH TOA, but you use the signs to the negative exponent in these equations to determine the missing angle. Then you solve the equation step by step.

Math 10 Week 3 – Introduction to Trigonometry

This week, are learning how to find the missing side length of a right triangle using trigonometry. In this unit, we learn simple equations that will help us uncover the sides, But first, let’s talk about naming the sides.

Side Titles:

Hypotenuse: The side titled “hypotenuse” (or “H”) is the side that is always across from the 90 degrees sign. It is easy to determine the hypotenuse if you also know that it will always be the longest side of the right triangle.

Adjacent: The side titles “adjacent” (or “A”) is the side the beside the reference angle. We are able to determine this side by finding the reference angle and discovering the side that is the closest to that angle.

Opposite: The side titled “opposite” (or “O”) is the side that is opposite to the reference angle. We are able to determine this side by finding the reference angle and discovering the side that is the furthest away from that angle.

 

Math 10 Week 2 – Exponents and The Scientific Method

Exponent Law Revision:

  • First, there is the Multiplication Law: If the question is a multiplication question and the bases are the same, you can add the exponents together and keep the base the way it was. Example: 5^6\cdot5^2 = 5^8
  • Then, there was the Division Law: If the question is a division question and the bases are the same, you can subtract the exponents and keep the base the way it was, similar to the multiplication law but instead dealing with subtraction. Example:2^9\div2^4 = 2^3
  • After that, there was the Power of a Power Law: If the question looks like (7^2)^2you can use this law. All you have to do is multiply the exponents and keep the base the way it was. Example: (7^2)^2 = 7^4
  • And last but not least, there is the Exponent of Zero: If the question has an exponent of zero, you automatically know that the answer will equal to one. Example: 3^0 = 1

Negative Exponents:

If you see a number with a negative exponent, we know that you can write the answer as a fraction. If we have {2}^{-3}  and we know the answer to {2}^{3} is equal to 8, then we use the 8 as the denominator and a 1 as the numerator. Example: {2}^{-3}{2}^{3}

{2}^{3} = 8

{2}^{-3}\frac{1}{8}

Math 10 Week 1 – Numbers & Factorization

Discovering Prime Factors & Creating Factor Trees:

First, let’s start off with understanding our vocabulary.

  • Prime Number: A prime number is any number that is only divisible by itself and 1. (Example: 2, 3, 5, etc.)
  • Composite Number: A composite number is the opposite of a prime number. Composite numbers are whole numbers that can be divided by numbers other than itself. (Example: 4, 6, 8, etc.)
  • Factors: Factors are numbers that divide into a composite number. (Example: 2 & 5 are factors of 10)

Prime Factorization:

To “factor” a number is to break down that number into smaller parts. To find the prime factorization of a number, you need to break that number down into its prime factors.

In class, we learned different methods to determine the prime factors of a whole number. The method that I thought was the most efficient was the factor tree. Although division tables worked nicely with bigger and more complicated numbers, I felt that the factor trees were easier to understand and faster to complete.

Factor Tree:

Let’s look at an example of a factor tree.

In this example, we see that we are trying the find the prime factors of 24. To start, we need to pick two numbers that can be multiplied to equal 24 (in this case, we have chosen 2 and 12). Then, you use those two numbers and do the same thing to them until you finish with prime numbers. If done correctly, this method will form a tree-like shape.

Top 5 Things I Learned in Math 9

1. Exponent Laws

  • For me, exponent laws were big essentials that helped me out in math 9. They helped me remember when to add, subtract, multiply and divide the exponents in equations and gave me little tricks and tips that really came to my advantage while completing this unit. Exponent work was a little tricky for me so to learn these laws really made my learning experience a lot easier (Like how Ms. Burton says “work smarter not harder”.)
  • First, there is the Multiplication Law: If the question is a multiplication question and the bases are the same, you can add the exponents together and keep the base the way it was. Example: 5^6\cdot5^2 = 5^8
  • Then, there was the Division Law: If the question is a division question and the bases are the same, you can subtract the exponents and keep the base the way it was, similar to the multiplication law but instead dealing with subtraction. Example: 2^9\div2^4 = 2^3
  • After that, there was the Power of a Power Law: If the question looks like (7^2)^2 you can use this law. All you have to do is multiply the exponents and keep the base the way it was. Example: (7^2)^2 = 7^4
  • And last but not least, there is the Exponent of Zero: If the question has an exponent of zero, you automatically know that the answer will equal to one. Example: 3^0 = 1

2. Similar Triangles

  • I thought this was very useful when it came to this unit. Not only did this teach us how to find the missing side of a triangle but this also taught us about the cross multiplication technique which in my preference came in handy immensely. This was something that I believe is very good to comfortably know how to do for the years in math to come.
  • Image result for find the missing side of a similar triangle
  • To find the missing side length (x), you have to create ratios by using the information in the given similar triangles above. This gives us the ratios 5/10, 10/20 and 15/x
  • Now this is where the cross multiplication comes into play. You will take one of completed ratios and place it beside the ratio that contains the variable. From there, you will multiply the information in a cross-like formation. Example: \frac{10}{20}=\frac{15}{x}  = \frac{10x}{10}=\frac{300}{10} x=30

3.     Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

  • This was a huge part of math 9 so I feel that this was definitely very important for me. It is used a lot and will be used even more as math excels so this is why it is good to understand this concept and are able to execute it with ease. For me, sometimes I have a hard time remembering some of the steps in this concept so I feel that this is not only important but is also something that I can work and improve on. For me, practicing this makes all the difference in the world so that is why I feel so strongly about the importance of adding and subtracting polynomials.
  • When adding and subtracting polynomials without brackets in the question, all you need to remember to do is group your like terms together and simplify. Like terms are all the terms that contain the same variables and exponents. You cannot group unlike terms together or your equation will not work. Once you have grouped all your like terms together, you can start you add and subtract your like terms.
  • When adding and subtraction polynomials with brackets in the question, you do the exact same thing but you have to remember and essential step before you group and simplify. If there is a subtraction sign before a bracketed polynomial, you must remember to switch the term’s sign from negative to positive or vise versa. After completing that step, then you can move on to grouping the like terms and simplifying the equation.

4. Dividing and Multiplying Rational Numbers

  •     This is one of the most used parts in math and it is a good idea to be able to comfortably understand how to properly do this for almost every single math unit. The tricks and tips that make dividing and multiplying fractions easier really seem to work with me so I feel that this was a very important unit for me.
  • When multiplying fractions, you need to “just do it” as Ms. Burton says. All you do is multiply across ans simplify if possible. Example: \frac{3}{4} x \frac{1}{2} = $latex \frac{3}{8}
  • When dividing fractions, all you need to do is flip the reciprocal and multiply the two fractions together like a multiplication question. Example: \frac{5}{6}\div\frac{4}{8}\frac{5}{6} x \frac{8}{4}  = \frac{40}{24}

5. Graphing Linear Relations

  • For me, this is the hardest thing that we learned. For the longest time I struggled with graphing, but now that I understand it more, I feel that it is really important. It is something that took me a while to fully understand but I feel more confident with it now and realize the impact it has in math 9.
  • When graphing, x is vertical and y is horizontal
  • Let’s say that step is represented by x and number is represented by y.
  • Here is the graph for the information above:

What I Have Learned About Grade 9 Similarity

This blog post represents what I have learned in this similarity unit.

What is an Enlargement and a Reduction?

  • An enlargement is to make an original object bigger and a reduction is to make an original object smaller.
  • We use multiplication to create an enlargement or reduction for an object.
  • Examples of enlargements: Any numbers over 1, impropre fractions, percentages over 100%
  • Examples of reductions:  Any numbers under 1, propre fractions, percentages under 100%
  • If the scale is 1 or 100%, that means that is not an enlargement nor a reduction and actually stays the same.

What is a Scale Factor?

  • It is a ration that demonstrates two corresponding lengths in two figures.
  • For the scale factor, the original length goes on the bottom and the length in the original goes on the top.

Equations with Scale Factors:

  • Here is an example of a question including a scale factor.
  • What is the actual length of an object if the scale is 1:10 and the length of the object in the diagram in 4?

\frac{1}{10} \frac{4}{x}

\frac{1x}{1} \frac{40}{1} x=40

Similar Triangles:

  • Similar triangles are triangles with equal corresponding angles and proportionate sides.
  • To figure out if two triangles are similar, you have to create ratios that correspond to the sides. If they equal the same number, they are similar but if they do not, then they are not similar.
  • To figure out a missing side length from a similar triangle, you have to use the butterfly technique (multiplying the information in a cross like formation).

Indirect Similarity:

  • To figure out how to measure and object is taller than you are, you can use this technique by using a mirror.
  • You place a mirror on the ground and measure how tall you are from your eyes, the distance between where you are standing and the mirror and the distance between the mirror and the object.

 

Measuring Indirectly Using Similar Triangles

I chose to measure one of the walls from the outside of my house.

Person’s Height: My height is roughly 5’4.5, which the same as saying 163.83cm

The Distance Between the Mirror and I: The distance between where I was standing and where the mirror was placed was 35cm.

The Distance Between the Mirror and the Wall: The distance between where the mirror was placed and the wall was 105cm.

Here is a diagram I created to show my information..