Champlain established the Colony of Quebec where Stadacona once was. Source: Crossroads Page 21
1609 Raid against the Iroquois
Samuel de Champlain and the Algonquin defeated the Iroquois with three Arquebuses. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois_War_(1609)
Coureurs de Bois
The Coureurs de Bois traveled throughout New France trading with the aboriginals for furs. Source: http://www.maisonsaint-gabriel.qc.ca/en/musee/chr-08.php
The Company of 100 Associates
The Company or 100 associates invested money into rebuilding New France with new funds and new colonists in return for receiving a monopoly on all trade transactions. Source: http://www.apointinhistory.net/100-associates.php
Jesuits and Huron
The Jesuits trying to convert the Wendake
The Jesuits were sent from France to convert the Huron and other aboriginals to Catholicism so they would remain loyal to the French. Source: http://www.oocities.org/marylikecrusader/Martyrologies/HuronMission.html
The Community of Saint-Marie
The Jesuits built several missions one of them being self sufficient community called Saint-Marie. Source: http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-702/Sainte-Marie-among-the-Hurons:_a_little-known_gem_of_%E2%80%9COntario%E2%80%99s_New_France%E2%80%9D.html
The Fall of Huronia
The Huron were ravaged by diseases passed on by the Jesuits and were separated between those who converted to Catholicism and those who did not. Their enemies, the Iroquois, took advantage of the situation and attacked the Huron. Source: http://www.cmhg.gc.ca/cmh/page-38-eng.asp
Royal Government
The Sovereign Council
King Louis turned New France into a royal government which was led by the Governor, the Intendant, and the Bishop. Source: https://michelinewalker.com/tag/carignan-salieres-regiment/
Filles du Roi
King Louis sent over 800 females to New France to start families with the men. Early marriage and pregnancy was encouraged as money would be paid to the families who would do so. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Daughters
Mercantilism
King Louis wanted New France to play a role in the French empire. New France was to supply France with raw materials like furs from the aboriginals and fish from the Grand Banks. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercantilism
Coureurs de Bois
Fur Brigades
Fur Brigades were Coureurs de Bois that traded furs for a living. Source: http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coureurs-de-bois/
Hudson’s Bay Company
Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Medard Chouart des Groseilliers were the most famous Coureurs de Bois as they brought many furs from the North. After exploring Hudson’s bay, the French were not interested in their find and they instead went to the English where King Charles II started the Hudson’s Bay Company which became France’s biggest fur competitor. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company
Pierre La Verendrye
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Verendrye was an officer, fur-trader, and an explorer that traveled across the prairies and established many trading posts. Source: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gaultier_de_varennes_et_de_la_verendrye_pierre_3E.html
Pierre Varennes Travel Route
This is the route that Varennes traveled through the parries. Source: http://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/pierre-gaultier-de-varennes-et-de-la-verendrye-1732-1739/
Seigneury
Habitants
Habitants were French settlers who farmed the land along the St. Lawrence Gulf and River. They often lived happier than those in France because they had more freedom and maintained good relations with others. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitants
The Seigneurial System
King Louis wanted New France to be the same as France so he set up the Seigneurial System which was similar to the Feudal System because because the land is granted to aristocrats and is rented by the habitants. Source: Crossroads page 34
Diagram of the Seigneurial System
The residences would by lined up along a river while the Seigneur would be living in the middle behind the church. Source: http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/seigneurial-system/ (click the right arrow)
Ursuline Nuns
The Ursuline nuns were some of the first women to come to New France. Marie de l’Incarnation, who came to New France at 1639, established the Ursuline Convent at Quebec which ran a school teaching reading, writing, and needlework to women. Source: https://thediscoverblog.com/2014/08/08/the-375th-anniversary-of-the-arrival-of-the-ursulines-in-quebec-city/
Imperialism and Conflict
Conflict between the British and the French
The British and the French started conflict because they both wanted to expand their land the French wanted to expand their land for the Fur Trade and the British wanted more farming land. Source: http://www.history.com/topics/french-and-indian-war
Halifax
Halifax was built by the British to help combat Louisbourg which was in the northern side of Acadia (Nova Scotia) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_Hill_(Fort_George)
Map of Acadia (Nova Scotia)
This is a map of where Louisbourg and Halifax are. Source: http://www.louisbourgheritagehouse.com/directions.html
Deportation of the Acadians
The expulsion of the Acadians was the result of the Acadians not pledging to complete loyalty to the British and in need may have to fight in war for the British. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians
Seven Years War
Siege of Louisbourg
The British led a siege on Louisbourg until it was surrendered by the French. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Louisbourg_(1758)
The Attack on Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon
The British attacked Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon in the Ohio River Valley so they could keep French forces busy. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Niagara
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Commander James Wolf died just after he captured Quebec after a battle won in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Source: Crossroads page 69
The Battle of Sainte-Foy
Montreal was surrendered to the British after supplies and reinforcements forced the French to retreat. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sainte-Foy
This is a map showing how much land the British received after taking over New France. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France
The Quebec Act
The Quebec Act allowed French-Catholics in Canada to participate in government. Source: http://ushistoryscene.com/article/quebec-act/
