- Neuron function
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- An action potential is a quick electrical signal that travels down the neuron. It starts when positive ions rush into the axon, causing depolarization. Next, the positive ions move back out, which is called repolarization, and the neuron gets ready to fire again during the refractory period. Myelin around the neuron makes this process faster by allowing the signal to jump between gaps called Nodes of Ranvier.
- Synapse structure
- Synapse function
- The synapse is the gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, where signals are transferred. When an action potential reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the receiving neuron’s dendrite, causing ions to flow in and out, which can start a new action potential. If enough positive ions enter the receiving neuron and reach a certain threshold, it will generate its own action potential.
