what if the moon disappears

• By: Alina, and Keisha

Station 1 :

Identify the three types of space probes, and describe the purpose of each.

1.  Interplanetary: the purpose of this space probe is to fly by celestial bodies.
2. Orbiters: these probes are placed in orbit around a celestial body.
3.  Landers: these probes land on the surface of a celestial body.

Describe three milestones in space exploration that you think are interesting ( include the data, name of the mission &/or probe/ship, and why you think it is important).

1. First Animal in Orbit: Mission Sputnik 2, November 3, 1957. A dog named laika was sent into orbit and survived the launch, but it was found that although having a weeks supply of food she died within hours, this was possibly due to a life support failure causing her canister to over heat. This mission is important because although the dog had died it was the first time that a living creature was sent into orbit.
2. First Human in Space: April 12, 1961, the Soviet Union launches cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin on a 108-minute flight. Gagarin becomes the first to successfully orbit the globe. His spaceship, however, is not designed to land at a safe speed, so on the descent, Gagarin jumps out and parachutes the final few thousand meters. This is an important event because he was the first human in space and was able to survive, it was a landmark in history, and it is also impressive that he landed without his spaceship.
3. First Manned Moon Landing: July 20, 1969, The lunar module of Apollo 11, nicknamed the Eagle, touches down on the moon, with 30 seconds’ worth of fuel to spare. Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, Jr., descend to the surface. This event was important because it was the very first time a human had gone to the moon, and we were able to learn more about our surroundings

Station 2 :

Explain the relationship between spending time in space and the following:

Sense of spinning: While in space it is hard for your body to adjust, for example, your inner ear, it tells your body when you are moving or stopped, or when you are lying on your side but, when you’re in space that small mechanism goes awry, which often cause astronauts to experience things such as motion sickness for a day or so after entering microgravity. Many have also experienced this after re-entering our planet’s pull.

Bones and Muscles: While on earth body parts such as your muscles, bones, and even your heart work a fair amount to keep our bodies moving. Scientists have found that while in space we do not have the downward force of gravity, causing our bodies to become weaker, this is due to the fact that they don’t have to work as much as they do on earth.

Body fluid: Without gravity the fluids in our bodies float to our heads. This fluidic drift can cause serious conditions including pressure on the optic nerves, which can effect your vision.

Cosmic radiation: Earths magnetic field provides a form of natural shielding that protects us from a good amount of high energy radiation. Out side of this zone artificial shielding on the ISS partially protects astronauts from radiation exposure, but isn’t effective for all radiation types which leaves some astronauts more susceptible to cancer and other long term health risks.

Watch the video of astronaut Chris Hadfield making a PB&J in space and find another video.

Station 3:

Choose a Canadian astronaut (CSA link) – describe one mission that this astronaut participated in. Give the personal history of that astronaut.

Chris Hadfield

Mission: On December 19th, 2012, Chris Hadfield went on a Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS (International space station) to carry out scientific experiments, to operate Canadarm2, and perform robotics tasks.

History: Born August 29, 1959, in Sarnia, and raised in Milton, Ontario. Chris Hadfield is married to Helene Hadfield, they have three children. He enjoys skiing, playing guitar, singing, riding, writing, running, and playing volleyball and squash.He also Graduated as an Ontario Scholar from Milton District High School in 1977; Received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering (with honours), Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in 1982; Conducted post-graduate research at the University of Waterloo, Ontario in 1982; Received a Master of Science in aviation systems at the University of Tennessee in 1992.

Choose a future NASA mission – explain the objective of the mission, and any relevant details (where, when, etc.).

Mid-Infrared Instrument: will image stars and galaxies in infrared light.

Objective: Data from the instrument will contribute to investigations about the evolution of the universe and the search for the first-ever episode of star formation, or “first light.”

Details: This mission is set to launch in 2018. Launch location: Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana.

Step 1:                                      Step 2:                                     Step 3:

How are chromosomes, DNA, and  genes related to one another?

Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes are related to one another because a chromosome is made up on DNA, and a gene is a section of DNA from one chromosome that has the instructions to build one protein. This is what makes the three related to one another.

What do each represent:

Black licorice:

• The black licorice represents part of the sugar/phosphate backbone in the DNA

Red licorice:

• The red licorice represents the other part of the sugar/phosphate backbone in the DNA

Toothpicks:

• The toothpicks represent the bonds between the bases and backbones

Marshmallows:

• The marshmallows represent the different bases

Pink: Cytosine (C)

Yellow: Adenine (A)

Green: Guanine (G)

Orange: Thymine (T)

Did this activity help you understand DNA?

Yes, this lab better helped me grasp the concepts that we had learned in class about DNA. It helped me visualise what a strand of DNA might look like and how the bases would be placed on the DNA to create its own unique code.

What charge does vinyl carry? When?

Vinyl carries a negative charge after it is rubbed together with wool.

What charge does acetate carry? When?

Acetate carries a positive charge after it is rubbed together with cotton.

What happens when two positively charged objects are close together?

When two positively charged objects are close together the two objects repel each other.

What happens when two negatively charged objects are close together?

When two negatively charged objects are close together the two objects repel one another.

What happens when positive + negative objects are close together?

When a positive and negative charged  objects are close together they attract each other.

what happens when a neutral object is close to a charged object?

When a neutral object is close to a charged object they will attract one another.

Compound Name(s): Calcium Oxide, Lime, Quicklime

Formula: CaO

Physical properties:

• Solid, can be seen as lumps or granular powder, white to pale yellow/brown, odorless
• Density: 3.34 cm3
• Melting point: 2572°C
• Boiling point: 2850°C

Chemical properties:

• When dissolved in water creates Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
• calcium oxide will react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, Ca(CO3)

Calcium Oxide uses:

• Calcium oxide is created by burning limestone, it can be used in a wide range of professional, industrial, and consumer purposes.
• Calcium Oxide can be used in a mixture for the production of articles that can be used for vehicles, construction, fabrics, wood, rubber, plastics, leather and more.

Curiosity questions:

Me:

Are there any environmental effects caused when calcium oxide/Calcium hydroxide is released into the environment?

• When released into the environment, calcium oxide reacts with water to create calcium hydroxide. Severe effects calcium hydroxide has had on the environment are considered to be caused by pH changes. Calcium hydroxide is considered not to be harmful to the environment.

What is the hazard identification for calcium oxide?

• Calcium oxide is identified as a corrosive material, exposure to the chemical can effect the body if it is inhaled, comes in contact with your eyes or skin, or is digested. severe burns may also be a result with long-term exposure of Calcium oxide.

Alyson:

• The intake of Calcium Hydroxide can cause an upset stomach. It causes significant damage/irritation to your gastrointestinal tract. This results in side affects such as nausea, vomiting or severe abdominal pain.

• Yes. When Calcium Oxide and Calcium Carbonate mix, they create a form called Calcium Carbonate.

1. Describe the properties of Chemical A and Chemical B.

• Chemical A: White in color, opaque, powdery substance, smooth texture, smells like corn starch, solid.
• Chemical B: No color, Clear/transparent, no smell, liquid.

2. Describe the properties and behavior of Oobleck.

• The oobleck was white in color, smelled of corn starch, and appeared to be a liquid.
• While observing the behavior of the oobleck you start to notice that the oobleck appears to act as both a solid and a liquid, for example, if the oobleck is being touched or played in a fast motion it feels like a soft solid object similar to playdough, however if you were to hold the oobleck in your hand it would act as a liquid.

3.   Do you think Oobleck is a gas, liquid, or solid? Why?

• I think that the oobleck is a liquid although it acts as both a solid and a liquid. I think it is a liquid because the particles in a liquid do not take any particular shape and take up the space of the container it is in, I think that the description of particles in a liquid compared to that of a solid relate more to the particles in the oobleck.

4. Reflect on this lab: how did it help you understand KMT?

• This lab helped me understand KMT because it gives you a better understanding of the changes of state like solidification (freezing ), and melting.