Vegetation:
Cordillera:
- Subarctic
- Tundra
- Open woodland
- Coniferous forests
- Coast and interior forest
- Parkland
- Grassland
Interior plains:
- Tundra
- Open woodland
- Coniferous forest
- Parkland
- Grassland
Arctic region:
- Subarctic
- Tundra
The Canadian Shield:
- Subarctic
- Tundra
- Open woodland
- Coniferous forest
- Parkland
- Grassland
St. Lawrence lowlands:
- Mixed forests
- Coniferous forests
Appalachian region:
- Open woodland
- Coniferous forest
- Mixed forest
The cordillera has the most different biomes within its region. It is mainly coniferous forests, and coast and interior forests and is also consists of many mountains including the Canadian Rockies (image above)
The arctic regions biomes are subarctic and tundra because it mainly consists of swampy areas of scattered coniferous trees mixed with tundra vegetation.
The Canadian Shield region has areas with scattered evergreens and north of the Canadian Shield is treeless landscape of permafrost. (Image is Flin Flon, Manitoba)
The Appalachian region is made up of mixed forests, which include softwood trees and hardwood trees, and scattered evergreen trees. (image above is Back Allegheny Mountain)
The Interior Plains have parkland and grassland biomes. Transition between dry southern prairies and coniferous forests and short grasses with little moisture for trees.
The St. Lawrence Lowlands region is made of softwood trees and hardwood trees mixed with coniferous forests. (image is Great Lakes)
Formation:
Cordillera
Cordillera was formed by the succession of collisions, volcanic episodes, and periods of metamorphism and folding are what largely account for the mountainous nature of the Cordillera. Also, subduction of the Pacific Ocean continues west of Vancouver Island.
Arctic region
A long time ago, due to seafloor spreading, created the Arctic Ocean as Alaska and Siberia rotated counter-clockwise to their current position today.
The Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield is composed of ancient rock and was constructed by the build-up of large amounts of tectonic plates. The Shield was mainly created by the plate tectonic process.
Appalachian region
The Appalachian region was created due to subduction. During subduction, oceanic crust is sub ducted underneath the continental margin, and the tectonic processes that includes the building of mountain belts and chains of volcanoes.
Interior plains
Metamorphic and igneous rock created the base of the interior plains. Sediments were compressed by the layers above sedimentary rock.
St. Lawrence Lowlands Region
The St. Lawrence lowlands region was formed by the result of the last glaciation. Glaciation is the formation, movement and recession of glaciers.
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- Cordillera – plate tectonic process
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- St. Lawrence Lowlands region – Glaciation process
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- Interior Plains region – Sedimentary rock process
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- Arctic region – sea floor spreading process
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- Appalachian region – subduction process
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- The Canadian Shield – weathering process
