How Cells Mutiply – Ghazal's Blog

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTON:

Asexual reproduction needs one organism to form a clone. Meaning that all genes come from one parent, so it is genetically identical.

Types of asexual reproduction

Binary: one cell organism splitting into 2 identical copies

Budding: is the splitting of an organism into both, having the same DNA. For example, yeast and hydra

Fragmentation: organism reproduce by breaking into pieces

Vegetative reproduction: form of asexual reproduction in plants. New plant grows from a vegetative part

Spore formation: single cells that grows into a new organism. Like bacteria, micro-organism and fungi

Advantages

Many offspring are reproduced quickly from one parent
The more clones, the better survivals of species
No need to find a mate

Disadvantages

One wrong mutation can destroy a large numbers of offspring
Some offspring get close together and fight for food and space
Poor conditions can wipe out whole colonies

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION:

Sexual reproduction needs both male and female organism. It combines genes from a mother and a father to make a genetically unique organism.

Advantages

More genetic variation species
Children are different from parents
Able to produce more offspring because of mate

Disadvantages

Slower reproduction rate
Less reliable reproduction
Takes a while and energy to find a mate

MITOSIS:

Mitosis is where the cell cycle content divides and forms 2 daughter nuclei, making copies. It produces 2 identical daughter cells from one parent. Also used in asexual reproduction. There are 4 steps to this and that is…

prophase: nucleus disappears, centriole and spindle fibers form chromosomes
Metaphase: chromosomes line up down the middle
Anaphase: the centromeres break apart the daughter chromatids
Telophase: 2 nucleus membranes form and spindle fiber begins to disappear

MEIOSIS:

Meiosis is a cell division that requires 2 parents. Its a two step division, meiosis I and meiosis II, which is PMAT times 2. It starts off with 46 chromosomes and ends with 23 and all cells are different from each other.

Differences:

Mitosis is only one cell division, but meiosis is a 2 cell division. Meaning mitosis makes identical copies but meiosis does not. One is a reproduction process, when asexual reproduction is used in mitosis. Another difference is that mitosis occurs in all organism, meanwhile meiosis only occurs in humans, animals, plants, and fungi.

ORGANISMS GROWTH

Every living organism starts life as a single cell. As it grows, it adds more cells to form more tissues. Growth and development are not the same. Growth is the increasing size and mass of an organism, while development is the transformation of the organism as its growing through the growth process. Some organisms growing has extreme transformations, just like a butterfly. They start off small and grow big, and their end results are just like their parents. Some organisms can take a long or short time to grow, and they don’t live forever. Some might live for many years and other only for a few days. Also when a cell gets injured or bruised, it has to grow new cells, which is the process of mitosis.

Internal fertilization: is when sperm cells go into the female body and meet an egg cell. The sperm penetrates the egg and the fetus starts to develop

External fertilization: is a male organism’s sperm fertilizing a female organism’s egg outside of the female’s body

Pollination: the transfer of pollen to a plant for fertilization

Fetal development: is a antenatal human between the embryonic state and birth

Mating/methods of fertilization: is the process by which gametes arrive in the same place at the same time

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