Neurons transmit information through electrical signals called action potentials. The action potentials travel from the cell body to the along a thin fibre, called the axon, to the axon terminals. How fast the message travels is influenced by an insulator, called the myelin. Each close segment of an axon has its own unique myelin sheath, including unmyelinated spaces known as Nodes of Ranvier. When the axon potential gets to the end of the axon, a chemical signal is sent from the end of the axon to the next cell. This is called a synapse, which is an intersection between two nerve cells, where a signal is sent from axon to dendrite. In the synapse there is an axon terminal bulb (the end of the axon) where the neurotransmitter is produced. It is then stored in synaptic vesicles, and neurotransmitter subunits are recycled. The action potential causes synaptic vesicles to move to presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. By flowing through the gap, the neurotransmitter attaches itself to the receiving neuron’s postsynaptic membrane receptors. From that point the neurotransmitter message is either accepted as excitatory, where the receptor allows the action potential to receive the neuron, or inhibitory, where the receptor blocks the action potential from receiving the neuron. The leftover neurotransmitter is recycled in the synaptic gap and the parts are sent back to the action terminal bulb. 

Sensory Neuron

Motor Neuron

Inter Neuron