Archive of ‘Grade 12’ category

Song Analysis – In My Blood

https://youtu.be/36tggrpRoTI
Help me, it’s like the walls are caving in
Sometimes I feel like giving up
But I just can’t
It isn’t in my blood
Laying on the bathroom floor, feeling nothing
I’m overwhelmed and insecure, give me something
I could take to ease my mind slowly
Just have a drink and you’ll feel better
Just take her home and you’ll feel better
Keep telling me that it gets better
Does it ever?
Help me, it’s like the walls are caving in
Sometimes I feel like giving up
No medicine is strong enough
Someone help me
I’m crawling in my skin
Sometimes I feel like giving up
But I just can’t
It isn’t in my blood
It isn’t in my blood
I’m looking through my phone again, feeling anxious
Afraid to be alone again, I hate this
I’m trying to find a way to chill, can’t breathe, oh
Is there somebody who could
Help me, it’s like the walls are caving in
Sometimes I feel like giving up
No medicine is strong enough
Someone help me
I’m crawling in my skin
Sometimes I feel like giving up
But I just can’t
It isn’t in my blood
It isn’t in my blood
I need somebody now
I need somebody now
Someone to help me out
I need somebody now
Help me, it’s like the walls are caving in
Sometimes I feel like giving up
But I just can’t
It isn’t in my blood
It isn’t in my blood
It isn’t in my blood
I need somebody now
It isn’t in my blood
I need somebody now
It isn’t in my blood
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RNA Transcription Model

DNA is made up of deoxyribose sugar whereas mRNA is made up of ribose sugar. DNA has thymine as one of the two pyrimidine bases, but mRNA has uracil which pairs up with adenine. DNA is present in the nucleus while mRNA is found mainly in the cytoplasm after synthesis. The structures differ for the backbones as DNA has two backbone and mRNA is single-stranded. mRNA is shorter than DNA because it has fewer nucleotides.

The goal of transcription is to make an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. Firstly, a specific section of DNA unwinds which exposes one gene. Then complementary RNA bases bond along one strand. The unique RNA base, uracil, bonds with adenine. Next, adjacent nucleotides form covalent bonds and build the RNA backbone. Lastly, RNA is released and DNA reforms double helix shape.

The activity was accurate in showing the process and steps of transcription. It was inaccurate though as it did not show what happens after transcription or how DNA forms back to original double helix shape.

*Note: DNA should be in double helix shape once the transcription is complete

DNA Replication Model

DNA replication occurs during mitosis. DNA is replicated during the synthesis phase.

DNA replication occurs in 3 steps: unwinding, complementary base pairing and joining. Firstly, the helix unwinds and the two strands unzip breaking the hydrogen bonds. The enzyme, DNA helicase (shown by green play-doh), causes unwinding. Secondly, the nucleotides move into place and form H-bond with other partners on the strand. This is facilitated by the DNA polymerase (blue play-doh). Lastly, the nucleotides on the new strand form covalent bonds. The DNA ligase (orange play-doh) is a specific enzyme that facilitates the DNA strands joining together “glues together”. The leading strand is continuous as the DNA unzips, but fragments form on the lagging strand. The process is different on the “leading” strand because it is synthesized in the 5′ (phosphate) to 3′ (sugar) direction whereas the “lagging” strand is synthesized in the 3′ to 5′ direction.

To model the complementary base pairing and joining of adjacent nucleotides we detached some of the pairings to show it was unzipping using by the DNA helicase (green play-doh). Then the new strand was shown pairing with the complementary base on the leading and lagging strands. The model was helpful with visualizing the process of unwinding and unzipping, however, it does not indicate which direction the enzymes read.

*Note: Adenine=yellow (double), Thymine=blue, Guanine=purple (double), Cytosine=green

-We mixed up the pairings, we had A-G and T-C, should be A-T and G-C

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