1.Identify the three types of space probes, and describe the purpose of each.

• interplanetary probes- fly by celestial bodies.
• orbiters- they are placed in orbit around a celestial body.
• landers- they land on the surface of a celestial body.

2.Describe three milestones in space exploration that you think are interesting.

• First animal in orbit- November 3, 1957 (mission called Sputnik 2) after the first launch in orbit (Sputnik 1) was a success the Soviet Union decided to launch a dog named Laika into space less then a month after the first launch. Laika had a weeks supply of food and sadly Laika had passed within hours possibly due to her canister to overheat (RIP Laika). I think that this is important because they send a living thing up in space that wasn’t human.
• First American woman in space- June 18, 1983 (Space shuttle called Challenger) Sally K. Ride is the first American woman in space but Ride is not the first woman in space Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was the first woman in space who flew on a Soviet Vostok mission 20 years earlier.I think that it’s important because people mostly think that men go to space but really women can too.
• Shuttle Colombia disaster- February 1, 2003 (28th mission) America’s oldest space shuttle breaks up high over Texas. The cause seems to be the damage of the heat shielding, when a block of foam broke off the external fuel tank during lunch and hit the shuttle’s left wing. All of the 7 astronauts died because their was no way to get out. I think that this is important because it proves that bad things can happen any second.

3.Choose a Canadian astronaut.

Chris Hadfield-Born August 29, 1959, in Sarnia, and raised in Milton, Ontario. He has three children. He enjoys skiing, playing guitar, singing, riding, writing, running, and playing volleyball and squash. In June 1992 Chris Hadfield was selected to become one of four new Canadian astronauts from a field of 5330 applicants. He also appeared in Masterchef.

In June 2010, Hadfield was part of the Pavilion Lake research team, located 420 km northeast of Vancouver. Pavilion Lake is one of the few places on Earth where microbialites are found.

4.Choose a future NASA mission.

The mission would place a spacecraft in orbit around Jupiter in order to perform a investigation of the giant planet’s moon Europa. A planet that shows strong evidence for an large quantity of liquid water beneath its icy crust and which could possibly host conditions favorable for life.NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope observed water vapor above the south polar region of Europa in 2012.

5.Explain the relationships between spending time in space and the following-

• sense of spinning= on earth- your inner ear tells your body when you are moving or stopping, and when you are standing on your head or lying on your side. in space-but in space, that gives astronauts motion sickness for a day or so after entering micro gravity(a condition, especially in space orbit, where the force of gravity is so weak that weightlessness results.
• bones and muscles= in space- the low-gravity lifestyle doesn’t lend itself to strong bones and muscles including the heart. On earth- the body parts work a fair amount just to keep us standing still without downward force  of gravity, the body works less, causing muscles to deteriorate and loose bone density.
• body fluids= on earth- every time body fluids need to be released and for the earth-bound gravity it helps us move these fluids peacefully into the toilet. In space- if you take away gravity than well you know the fluids float and it could cause more serious conditions. (yes the pee floats quit laughing we are all adults here)
• cosmic radiation= on earth- the magnetic field on earth protects us from high radiation which can damage our DNA. In space- artificial shielding on the ISS protects astronauts from radiation exposure, but not from all radiation types leaving astronauts more vulnerable to cancer and other long-term health risks.

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