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Category: Grade 10 (page 1 of 2)

Racism Then vs. Now

I am not going to pretend that I am an expert on racism in the states. As an average Canadian high school student, I know that my research has only scratched the surface of the layers of inequality and injustice that have, and still take place. However, I will do my best to compare how racism was back then, and how it is now.

“Back then” refers to throughout the 1900s, focusing around the 1940s-1950s. There were darks times, known as “The Great Depression “. During this time, the economy crashed, causing many people to lose their jobs. This made a huge impact on the lives of African Americans because they were held at a disadvantage due to racial profiling.

African Americans were treated unfairly, for example, there were laws stating that they were not allowed to drink from the same water fountains as Caucasians, as well as be treated at the same hospitals. The Klu Klux Klan was instated. They are a terrorist hate group with a purpose to cause harm to people of colour. It was socially acceptable to be openly racist and discriminative, in fact, it was law.

Today, racism is still around. Although the unjust laws discriminating African American people have been abolished, racism and racial prejudice still exists. A pattern of police targeting African Americans still persists even today. People are racially profiled at airports just based on their skin colour. Recently, Harvard University was faced with a lawsuit regarding Asian Americans needing a higher test score than others to be accepted into a program.

Racism used to be socially acceptable, but now it is not. Unfortunately prejudice and inequality still seeps through the cracks and hides behind other ideas. Just because racism is not in plain site, does not mean that its not there.

Seasons of a Journey Home

Here is a poem written with the theme “Coming Home”.

Seasons of a Journey Home

Life is about Experiences

This summer I had the experience of a life time: I went to Italy for one month. My whole life I have grown up with Italian culture surrounding everything I do, since all of my grandparents immigrated to Canada from there. I have grown up eating the food, hearing the language, and learning all the values of having a close-knit family. I had high expectations for the trip because my grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and parents had all told stories of their visits there.

My grandparents dropped us off at the airport. I remember my grandma was happy, but I could tell under that façade that she was nervous. We kissed them goodbye, then went through security.

The plane ride was around 9 hours for the first leg, and another 3 hours for the second leg. I busied myself by listening to music, reading a book, and trying to sleep. When we finally landed, I was tired from the lack of sleep. This feeling of exhaustion was whisked away from me as soon as we got to our flat, and we tasted our first delicacies in Italy from the bakery on the adjacent building. We stayed in Rome first, and it was my favourite place out of all the places we went.

Our first day might have also been our busiest day. We went to go see the Colosseum. The building was absolutely surreal. I was really into the Percy Jackson series of books while I was in middle school, so seeing the setting of my favourite characters in real life was amazing. I saw so many tourists there, but I imagined in my head what it would have been like to be in the Colosseum during a vicious gladiator fight. I tried to take snapshots in my brain of the inside, because I wanted to remember the sight of the creamy white marble, and the golden light that gleamed through the massive arches.

While we were in Italy, we visited family all throughout the country. We went to the towns that my grandparents grew up in. I met many cousins, aunts, and uncles that I didn’t even know existed. I was touched by the generosity and kindness of everyone. There was always an abundance of food and laughter at every house. I tasted so much flavourful food that nothing I had ever tasted in my life could compare. We probably had pasta everyday, which I did not mind at all. When we would visit people’s houses, the aroma of something delicious cooking made our eyes perk up and our stomachs rumble.

I constantly heard foreign languages, especially in the touristy places. Of course, I heard Italian. My parents speak Italian very well, so they were able to communicate with everyone. However, my siblings and I do not speak Italian, so we just smiled and nodded a lot. I wish I understood and spoke the language. I was grateful that some of my cousins knew a bit of English because otherwise communication would have been impossibly hard. We still keep in touch through social media.

Going to Italy changed my life because it helped me understand the life my grandparents had before they came to Canada. I got to see all the sights that I’ve only read about in books and seen in pictures. I got to taste foods that that I know and love. I also got to spend a lot of time with family who I have become very close to now

https://www.dropbox.com/s/5y2dpnr1tp2lzu4/ITALY.pptx?dl=0

PSA Drug Awareness

Divergent Fault Lines

 

This photo shows a Divergent fault line.

A divergent fault line occurs on a divergent boundary. This happens when two plates are moving in an opposite direction. The space inbetween the seperated crust is called a ridge. When the fault line was created many many years ago, magma would have crept up and cooled, making new crust in the form of a ridge.

 

Photo Cited:

Carter, F. M. (2011, May 02). Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Liquefaction. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from https://fionamariecarter.wordpress.com/2011/04/20/earthquakes/

African Grassland Biome

Here is the link to the website we made:

http://grasslandsinafrica.weebly.com 

Whole Genome Sequencing

Whole genome sequencing is a technology that scientists can use to see every letter in the DNA sequence of a living organism. This process can read chromosomal DNA, the DNA found in the mitochondria, and in the chloroplast (for plants). There are many ways this is done, but one popular way is called Snager sequencing. This is done by chopping up pure DNA and appointing reference points for testing. Then synthetic pieces of DNA attach and copy the DNA sequence by finding complementary sequences. A camera then takes a picture and records every time the DNA copies. This process is finished once the whole genome had been sequenced.

Scientists can use any biological sample that has a full copy of the DNA in it, including seeds, plants leaves, hair follicles, saliva and bone marrow.

Digital illustration of a dna

Digital illustration of a dna

Great Advancements:

Before whole genome sequencing became automated, scientists used manual methods called Maxam-Gilbert sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The fist organism to be entirely sequenced was a bacterium called Haemophilus influenzae. Other bacterium were sequenced and published in 1995. Scientist first used these bacterium because of their small genome size. The whole DNA sequence of chromosone 22 in a human was sequenced in 1999. In 2001, scientist published the entire human genome sequenced.

image

Haemophilus influenza

Best Uses:

The best uses for whole genome sequencing are predicting and diagnosing mutated genes and diseases. Scientists can create an early treatment, which can allow a better chance of overcoming the disease. For example, cancer can be detected in the gene sequence, and the best treatment plan can be given.

Whole genome sequencing can also help scientists find out which unknown genes are causing diseases. In the old ways of gene sequencing, only the traditionally “trouble-maker” genes were looked at. Now, all genes are able to be looked at, making it easier to pin point the disease causing genes.

image

How it Will Change the World:

Whole genome sequencing will change the world in the future because it will allow doctors and scientists to make early predictions and diagnostics on patients and will allow them to prevent the disease. It will also allow scientists and doctors to find variants and help them find out which diseases can be passed on. Scientists predict that by the year 2019, all babies born will get their whole genome sequenced as a normal practice. One thing that needs to change for this to happen is the accessibility and the price.

There are some ethnical concerns that come along with whole genome sequencing. Scientists worry that genetic testing could cause genetic discrimination, as well as other things. Genetic discrimination is when people are treated differently for having a gene that could cause them a disorder or a mutation. It is the same as Darwin’s sexual selection, where animals and people choose the most attractive mate. But now, there is science to back up the idea, making discrimination easier.

Another concern with whole genome sequencing is that patients can find out stuff they do not want to know. For example, if looking for a gene contributing to diabetes, a gene that causes terminal illness may be found.

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Overall, whole genome has changed advanced a lot in the past 40 years. Whole genome sequencing will change the medical world for the better. There are a few negatives, but the positives outweigh them.

image

 

Sources:
https://youtu.be/IXamRS85hXU
https://youtu.be/usTnQJhgAn0
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illumina_dye_sequencing
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanger_sequencing
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxam–Gilbert_sequencing
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_discrimination
http://www.illumina.com/techniques/sequencing/dna-sequencing/whole-genome-sequencing.html
http://knowgenetics.org/whole-genome-sequencing/

Career Cruiser

Digital Autobiography

 

Science is Magic

For this project, Gracyn and I had to do a magic trick involving a chemical reaction, and explain it using science.

 

Science is Magic Part 1

Lab Report

Research: Gracyn and I searched up magic tricks explained by science. The experiment we decided on was originally called water into wine trick, but since it turned more of a pink than a red, we called it water into fruit punch.

Procedure:

First you fill a glass halfway with water. Then drop in a few drops of phenolphthalein into the water.
Next grab another glass and add in 2-3 drops of sodium hydroxide into it.
Pour the glass of water into the glass with sodium hydroxide. The solution should now be a bright pink colour.
To turn it back to clear, blow into the solution with a straw. It may take a while, but it will eventually go back.
Chemical Reaction: The “magic” of this trick is easy to understand if you know the basics about acid and base indicators.

Phenolphthalein (added to water in the first cup) is an indicator, and when a solution gets added to it with a pH of 9 or greater (a base) it turns a pink colour. Sodium hydroxide (added to the bottom of the second glass) is a base with pH 14, so when the phenolphthalein gets added to the sodium hydroxide it causes a reaction that turns the phenolphthalein pink – this is the “fruit punch”.

When we blow air through a straw into the pink solution, the carbon dioxide from our breath makes the pH go below the level that makes the phenolphthalein pink, so it goes back to clear or “water.”

Outcome: Originally, we were going to use sodium carbonate (pH 11) as our base. When we used it on our first attempt, the base wasn’t strong enough to make the phenolphthalein turn a bright pink colour. We then exchanged sodium carbonate for sodium hydroxide, which has a pH of 14. On our second attempt, this time using sodium hydroxide, the base was strong enough to make the colour we were looking for.

Overall, our experiment went very well, even though we had to improvise and change our base. Our experiment was a cool magic trick, and it showed a chemical change.

By Veronica & Gracyn

 

Sources:

http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryhowtoguide/ht/waterwine.htm

http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/features/water2wine.shtml

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