## Week 6 – Slant Height, Pyramids, and Cones

This week in math 10 we learned about right pyramids, cones, and how to calculate slant height.

To calculate the slant height of right pyramids, you need to have the height and half of the length. Then you can use the Pythagorean theorem to find the hypotenuse (your slant height). Then you can use your slant height when you calculate the total surface area or volume.

Example: When you have the height (3 in this case) and the side length (8), you can calculate the slant height. Take half the side length (4) and use it and the height in the Pythagorean theorem. In this case $3^2$ + $4^2$ = 25 = $c^2$. Therefore 5 = c, and 5 is your slant height. You can then plug the slant height into the surface area and volume equations.

The Pythagorean Theorem principle is also used when calculating the slant height of a cone. The only difference is instead of using half the side length and the height to find the hypotenuse (slant height), you use the radius of the base and the height.

## Week 5 – Converting Units of Measurement

This week in math we learned how to convert units of measurement in a simple way between both longer/shorter units within the same system, and between the metric and imperial systems.

Easy to do, you simply need to know how many of one unit is equal to the other unit.

Example: The units that you wish to convert go on the left (6780cm), the units that you wish to convert to go in the numerator position (1m) and however many units of one equal the other (100cm) in the denominator.

The same can be done for converting units between the metric and imperial systems.

Example: If you know 1ft is equal to 0.3048m, then you repeat the same steps again.

And evaluate.

## Week 4 – Integral Exponents

This week in math 10 we learned about integral exponents (negative exponents) and how to get rid of them.

To get rid of negative exponents you need to take the base and flip it.

Example: Whatever your variable or base is, it on it’s own is equal to itself over 1. You just don’t write it as such. So when you flip it, you take whatever is in the numerator, and move it to the denominator, or the other way around. This switch makes the exponent positive.

This same principle of moving a base with an integral exponent to the other position applies to solving other expressions as well. This includes expressions where there are bases/exponents in both the numerator and denominator.

Example: Using the same principle of moving a base with a negative exponent to the other position, we move our negative exponent from the numerator to the denominator, changing the negative to a positive, and then evaluating as you would a normal expression.

This week in math we learned how to convert entire radicals into mixed radicals.

First, find two factors of your radicand, one being a perfect square. Then you will have two radicals, one giving you a whole number, and the other not. This will give you your mixed radical.

Example: In this case you need to find a factor of 75 that is also a perfect square. 25 x 3 is equal to 75, and 25 is also a perfect square. Therefore you square root 25 and move the whole number to the outside of the radical. Therefore 5 x the square root of 3 is equal to the square root of 75.

The same thing can be done with radicals which contain any index. Instead of finding a factor of the radicand that is a perfect square, you find a factor that is either a perfect cube, perfect 4th, etc. depending on the index.

Example: To simplify the cube root of 48, you first need to find a factor of 48 that is a perfect cube. 8 x 6 is equal to 48, and 8 is a perfect cube. You then cube root 8, and again move the number to the outside of the radical. So 2 x the cube root of 6 is equal to the cube root of 48.

## Week 1 – Prime Factorization: GCF and LCM

This week in math 10 we learned how to find the GFC and LCM of two or more numbers.

GFC (Greatest Common Multiple):

First, find the prime factorization of your numbers. Then take all of your common prime factors and multiply them together to find your GCF. If common factors have exponents, take the lesser of the two exponents when you go to multiply the common factors together.

Example: Take your two numbers (48 and 72 here) and find the prime factorization.

(prime factorization)

Next, you take the prime factors (circled above) and find common factors. Take whichever common factors have the LOWEST exponent, and multiply the result together like so:

Therefore the GCF of 48 and 72 is 24.

LCM (Lowest Common Multiple):

To begin, once again find the prime factorization of your numbers. Find all of the prime factors as you did with the GCF, however instead of only taking common factors, you take ALL the prime factors. If two or more prime factors are the same, you take the one with the GREATEST exponent this time. Then, simply multiply all the factors together to get the LCM.

Example: Take your numbers (18 and 63 here) and find the prime factorization.

(prime factorization)

Next, take all prime factors and multiply them. Keeping in mind if two factors are the same, you are taking the one with the lowest exponent.

(Both 18 and 63 had a prime factor of 3, but instead of taking both, only one was taken. Exponents were the same so were not a factor in the decision.)

Therefore the LCM of 18 and 63 is 126.

## Bard in the Classroom

(Tragedy tableau in English 10, Block C)

## Holocaust Memoir

Memoir:

I am set to begin the day in Berlin, at my new position as head doctor at the local hospital, where I care for our wounded troops and have them ready to go back out on the front. I have only been here for roughly a week and a half, but I feel uneasy, as if I am overwhelmed with guilt. Hundreds upon hundreds of soldiers enter our doors on a daily basis, but they are not only physically hurt, but mentally as well. Their minds have been twisted with lies, and formed with scarring experiences all around them. How lucky I am, to not have to fight in this war. For I was deemed unfit to fight due to my limp and stiff right knee. Here however, is no better.

The injuries and death all around do not faze me, for I am a doctor, and a prestigious one at that. What truly gets to me however, is the guilt. The guilt that I feel for contributing to such a cause. Exterminating the Jewish people. How can I, a man married to a woman of Jewish decent, carry out actions to help my fatherland rid themselves of these people? Luckily I managed to help them flee from the country when the war began, but I truly miss her, and our children, of whom are thousands of miles away. Personally, I do not believe in the intentions of the Nazis, but what am I to do? If I refuse to treat our soldiers, I myself, will be killed.

So for the time being, I must remain focused, and isolate myself from emotion. I must do my job. I must not feel pity for Jews from concentration camps, begging for help, whether or not they are accompanied by our own men. Our men are a priority, and I no longer possess the right to treat Jews. So for now, I wait, dreaming of a day when peace is achieved.

Analysis: The presented creative writing assignment is a fictional historic WWII memoir from the perspective of a male German doctor, who is unfit to fight in the war, and his beliefs on the subject. The piece is written in first person point of view, and demonstrates the struggles of the time, such as the fact that he is married to a Jewish woman, is forbidden to treat the ailments of Jews, and the doctor’s beliefs against those of his fellow citizens and leaders during the war. The historic memoir also gives insight into the thoughts of those during the war, giving the reader an alternate perspective.

Source: http://ww2gravestone.com/people/gebhardt-dr-karl/

## “We Remember – Liberation Poem”

This poem is an interpretation of Charles V. Feree’s journal describing his experiences liberating Jewish concentration camps during WWII. It describes the liberator’s experience as well as describing what it means to truly remember. My poem also serves as a tribute to those who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of their native countries.

The Jewish people celebrating their liberation.

Source: http://www.nodakoutdoors.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=99452

We arrived at the gates
The air heavy with the smell of gas and flesh
Infiltrating my mind, overwhelming my senses.
My eyes search the area.

Sounds of speeding bullets go off in my head.
I do not budge.
For I am motionless,
Paralyzed by the sights beginning to appear before me.
Supressing the fear churning my stomach, I enter.

Skeletons piled high, bodies on either side,
Some move slowly, others can only stare,
As we search through barracks, separating dead from dying,
Their faces twisted with pain, overflowing with suffering.

They reach out bony arms with gratitude, they are free.
But where to?
Their families have been taken, massacred, by the uniformed men.
Some seek revenge, some cannot move,
Some try to forget, others try to remember.

Remember those who were not given a chance,
Remember those whose lives were taken away,
Remember those who lost treasured family,
Remember those who are no longer able to forget.

For should we forget, we forget an important lesson.
One that reminds us of our past.
A past that we must not repeat.
And for that we remember.

## The Cage Timeline

“The Cage” by Ruth Minsky Sender.

September 15, 1935- Nuremberg Race Laws against Jews are decreed.

History: On September 15, 1935, the Nazis declared the Nuremberg Race Laws. These laws carried out the Nazi ideology on the Jewish people, prohibiting them from owning businesses, possessing a Reich citizenship, and having sexual relations with those of German or German-related blood, along with many others. The Laws also stated that being Jewish was no longer dependant on religious beliefs or practicing Jewish customs, but was instead dependant on how many Jewish grandparents one had, for if one had 3 or more Jewish grandparents, they would be considered Jewish.

Nazi Germany Nuremberg Laws

Source: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/nurlaws.html

Application: The Nuremberg Race Laws came into play early on in the novel and dramatically changed Harry and Mrs. Gruber’s perception of the Jewish people. The Laws state that being a Jewish person is no longer dependant on religion or practices, but instead on blood and genetics. Because of the imposition of these new laws, Mrs. Gruber and Harry begin to search through their own genetic heritage, looking for any source of German blood to protect them from the Nazis. When they do, they quickly betray Riva’s family for their “fatherland” and destroy their good friends home, taking everything with them. Although they had practiced Jewish customs with Riva’s family their whole lives and Riva considers them family, their perception changed at a blink of an eye. These dramatic personal changes are evidence that Harry and Mrs. Gruber are dynamic characters.

September 1, 1939 – Nazis invade Poland

History: When Germany invaded Poland, in 1939, the Polish army was defeated within weeks. Soon after, from Germany in the north and Slovakia in the south, more than 2,000 german tanks and 1,000 German planes swarmed the Polish border, and once through, proceeded to conquer Warsaw by means of a gigantic encirclement attack. On September 27th, 1939, Warsaw surrendered.

German soldiers parading through conquered Warsaw, Poland.

Source: https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005070

Application: The German invasion of Poland, Riva’s native country, is the exposition to the novel, that sets the stage for Sender’s story. She describes the Germans invading Jewish households, beating, killing, and torturing thousands of people. The invasion of Poland in the novel sets the tone of the novel early on as well, preparing the reader with a glimpse of the excruciatingly difficult living conditions and punishments seen as the story progresses. It provides the reader with a bit of a physical setting as well, with the location and date mentioned between the lines.

October 26, 1939 – Forced labor decree issued for Polish Jews aged 14 to 60.

History: After Germany had conquered Poland and instituted a general government, the German authorities required Polish Jews to live in ghettos and gave them manual forced labor. In the Lodz ghetto for example, the Germans established 96 factories to contribute resources to the Germans in war. For many Jews, these menial tasks were enough to survive and receive some rations to support themselves and their loved ones. However if one was deemed unfit or no longer able to work, they would be the first to be shot immediately or sent to a German death camp.

Prisoners doing forced labor in the Ravensbrück concentration camp.

Source: https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005180

Application : After the Lodz ghetto was established, the inhabitants trapped inside, including Riva and her family, were required to work in factories for the Germans. Riva for example, is given the job of braiding and rolling scraps of fabric into larger rolls that are then to be used in the fabrication of rugs for Germans. However since she is considered a “home worker” by the Nazis, she is not entitled to the soup given out the factories, and relies on Motele and Moishele to save their portions of soup to share all together. The making of rugs for the Germans may also be considered an internal struggle, or person against self conflict. Although Riva does not support the Germans in the slightest and would never provide for the enemy, she must braid and roll the fabric in order to live, perhaps prompting a moral debate within herself.

November 23, 1939 – Yellow stars required to be worn by Polish Jews over age 10.

History: In late fall, 1939, the Nazis imposed the idea that the Jewish badge, the star of David, be worn by all Jews over the age of six. The Nazis forced Jews to wear the badge to facilitate segregation and to give the Jews a sense of humiliation. The badge would be easily recognizable to the Germans in order to make deportation quicker and simpler. Children under the age of 6 were not required to wear the star however, as the Nazis believed as the children would follow their parents, who would be wearing the star, the children would be associated with their parents.

Young boy wearing star of David

Source: http://www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org/history/holocaust

Application: The star of David makes an important appearance in chapter four of Sender’s memoir, as Riva asks her older friend Saba if she feels shame in wearing the star on her clothing. Bewildered, Saba explains to Riva there is no shame in wearing the yellow piece of cloth as it represents the Jewish people, and that they should be proud to be Jewish. She talks about how the only ones who should feel shame are those who force others to wear it. This not only demonstrates to Riva the importance in being yourself, but gives hope to both Riva and the reader by contributing to an optimistic, hopeful tone to the chapter amidst all the violence and chaos.

January 25, 1940 – Nazis choose the town of Oswiecim (Auschwitz) in Poland near Krakow as the site of a new concentration

History: Auschwitz, or Auschwitz-Birkenau, was the largest of the Nazi concentration camps, located in southern Poland. Opened in 1940, The labor camp was originally made to serve as a detention centre, it became one of the most notorious and well-known Nazi death camps of WW2. The complex camp was made up of three main camps, all of which used prisoners for forced labor. One of the three camps, Auschwitz I, was the centre of Nazi enemy extermination, with more than one million individuals dying from gas, starvation, torture, labor, and medical experiments. The camp was liberated on January 25th, 1945.

Auschwitz entrance gate

Source: http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2015/01/world/auschwitz/

Application: In the novel, life in the ghetto becomes increasingly difficult, to the point that Riva, Motele and Moishele must leave the ghetto. With Mrs Boruchowich, Laibesh, Rifkele and others by their side, they leave their home behind, and head for the wagons, where they are then filed into train cars to Auschwitz, although they are not aware of their potential destination, nor the horrors within the gates. When they arrive, Riva is immediately seperated from her brothers and shoved alongside uncountable other women into the camp. She proceeds to have her head shaven, and is stripped of her clothing, receiving in return not anything but a scrap of cloth with which she is supposed to cover herself up with. Riva is brutally marshalled into a brief shower with the other women as well, and is required to take off her glasses so the metal can be used by the Nazis. At the end of part one, Auschwitz is presented as the new physical setting leading to part two of the memoir.

April 30, 1940 – The Lodz Ghetto in occupied Poland is sealed off from the outside world with 230,000 Jews locked inside.

History: After Germany invaded Poland, they occupied Lodz one week later, renaming it Litzmannstadt, after the German general. The Germans soon instituted a ghetto in the northeastern section of Lodz, housing 230,000 Jews inside, and moving a third of the Lodz population into a small area. The invaders then isolated the ghetto from the rest of Lodz with special security police manning the perimeter. Internal order within the ghetto was to be maintained by the Jewish ghetto police.

Lodz ghetto, Poland 1940-1941

Source: https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005071

Application: The Lodz ghetto plays a pivotal part in Ruth Minsky Sender’s memoir, as it is the main physical setting for the majority of part one of the novel. After Lodz is invaded by the Nazis, Riva and her family find themselves a part of the newly founded ghetto. Living conditions are unimaginable, and after Riva’s mother is taken away, she is now required to be her younger sibling’s legal guardian. In the ghetto, very little comes in and out, and Jews are taken from their homes on a consistent basis. Education is non-existent, and work is very hard to come by. Food in the ghettos is far and in between, with many dying of starvation and no resources to regain one’s health. For example Laibele becomes sick, but with nobody able to provide a cure, he dies shortly after. Near the end of the chapter, many of the inhabitants are even required to leave their home to file into Nazi trains, as surviving in the ghetto is no longer an option.