-The term ‘synapse’ means coming together, such as two halves becoming one they create a synapse.  The cell that will deliver the signal to the synapse is the presynaptic cell, the cell that receives the signal is the postsynaptic cell.

-The basic functions of a neuron are to receive information, integrate incoming signals, and communicate signals to their target such as muscle movement.  The anatomy of a cell includes dendrites which is responsible for receiving and processing information, the incoming signals can be excitatory which revs neurons up or inhibitory which keeps them remaining the same.   Dendrites act like antennas that receive electrochemical information and transmit it to the cell body.  Next there is Axons, toward the end of the axon it splits into branches and and creates bulbous swellings called axon terminals.  These create connections on target cells.  The cell body receives information from dendrites, and provides support functions.  The myelin sheath covers the axon of some neurons to insulate and help speed neural impulses.  The terminal branches of axon form junctions with other cells and release chemicals called neurotransmitters.

-Neurons transmit information through the nervous system, communicating to muscles or glands.  It starts with the dendrites and cell body receiving information then conducting it toward the axon.  Following these steps it travels down the axon.  The steps are 1) resting potential, 2)action potential initiation, 3) spreading of action potential and repolarization.   Action potential is generated when positively charged ions move in and out through channels in the axons membrane.

–Schwann cells are a part of the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath around the axon.

–Astrocytes cells are part of the central nervous system and are responsible for physical support, nutrition and biochemical support.

–Ependymal cells are found in the central nervous and produce spinal fluid.