DNA replication model

 

  1. Explain the structure of DNA – use the terms nucleotides, antiparallel strands, and complimentary base paring

The structure of DNA is a double helix and it is anti-parallel meaning that both strands run in opposite directions alongside each other.  Each strand of DNA is composed of nucleotides, which are units that are made up of deoxyribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base. Complimentary base paring is when the nucleotides move into place and form h-bonds with its “partner” on the strand.

 

 

  1. When does DNA replication occur?

DNA replication occurs prior to cell division, and it is a semiconservative process.

 

  1. Name and describe the 3 steps involved in DNA replication. Why does the process occur differently on the “leading” and “lagging” strands?

The three steps that are involved in DNA replication are unwinding, complimentary base pairing, and joining. Unwinding is when the helix unravels, and the two strands separate from each other meaning that the h-bonds between pairs, break. Complimentary base pairing is when nucleotides move into place and form h-bonds with “partner” on strand. Joining is when nucleotides on a new strand form covalent bond.  Leading strand is the strand which is synthesized in the 5-3 direction and continuously “unzips”. Lagging is when the strand is synthesized in the 3-5 directions meaning it has to unzip for a little bit but then have to jump back up to the top to continue unzipping.

 

 

  1. Today’s modelling activity was intended to show the steps involved in DNA replication. What did you do to model the complimentary base paring and joining of adjacent nucleotides steps? In what ways was this activity well suited to showing this process? In what ways was is inaccurate?

We used the base sequence to connect everything together in a model, connecting the complimentary nucleotides and phosphates. This activity was well suited because it showed us how the structure looked and how everything connected together. This activity was inaccurate because we couldn’t get the model to look exactly like a normal one.

 

  1. How is mRNA different than DNA?

mRNA has one strand where as DNA has 2 strands. mRNA copies portions of genetic code and transports these copies to ribosomes.

 

  1. Describe the process of transcription

When a specific section of DNA unwinds and exposes one gene, along the one strand of complimentary RNA bases bond. The uracil then bonds with DNA’s adenine. The other nucleotides from covalent bonds build the RNA backbone. The RNA then releases, and DNA reconnects the double helix.

 

  1. How did today’s activity do a good job of modelling the process of RNA transcription? In what ways was our model inaccurate?

It did a good job because it showed how the DNA and RNA replication occur and how the bases connect together. The way our model was inaccurate was because we couldn’t show every single thing in the process. it was inaccurate because the actual process because after the replication would have continued the RNA strand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe the process of translation: initiation, elongation, and termination

 

Initiation is when mRNA binds to the small ribosome subunit, then the 2 ribosome subunits bind together. Elongation is when the ribosome holds mRNA and allows complimentary tRNA to attach to binding sites. Termination is when the elongation cycle continues until mRNA “reads” a stop codon.

 

  1. How did today’s activity do a good job of modelling the process of translation? In what ways was our model inaccurate?

This model did a good job of showing us the process of translation because it showed the process, and how it showed us how it elongates with the genetic code. This model is inaccurate because we did not do the model exactly right, so if it were to be messed up, it would not work.

 

Week 7 foundations 11

This week in Foundations 11 I learned the difference between linear scale factor, area scale factor and volume scale factor and how to be able to measure things with those different scale factors. To be able to find the linear scale factor from having the volume from each shape.

the volume given for the original shape is  and the new shapes volume is

To be able to find the volume scale factor, you take the two volumes and divide them from each other, .  128 divided by 40 is 3.2, meaning that the volume scale factor is 3.2. Once you have the volume scale factor, you take the number you got a cube root it to be able to find the linear scale factor. The linear scale factor is 1.47cm.

the area of the original square is  and the width of the larger square is

To be able to find the linear scale factor, you take the two numbers and divide them by each other with the new square over the old square, 48 divided by 8 which is 6, meaning that the area scale factor is  . Once you have the area scale factor, you take the number you got and you square root it to be able to find the linear scale factor. The linear scale factor is 2.4cm.

 

 

*i was not able to upload my photos on here*

Week 5 Math 11

This week in foundations 11 i learned how to figure out how many triangles are inside of a specific polygon and how to figure out what the interior and exterior angles are.

To figure out how many triangles are inside of the polygon, you take the number of sides of the polygon and subtract two from that number and that gives you the amount of triangles that are in the polygon. To figure out the sum of the interior angles in the polygon, you take the number of triangles in the polygon and times it by 180. To figure out the size of an interior angle in a  regular polygon, you take the sum of  all the interior angles and divide it by the number of sides on the polygon. To be able to figure out the sum of all exterior angles, you take 360 and divide it by the number of sides.

Example number 1:

Polygon with 5 sides (Pentagon)

5-2=3 the number of triangles in a pentagon is 3.

180 x 3 = 540. 540 is the sum of all interior angles in the pentagon.

540 divided by 5 = 108. 108 is the size of an interior angle in a regular polygon.

180-108=72

72 x 5 (the number of sides)  = 360. 360 is the sum of all exterior angles in the pentagon.

 

 

Example number 2:

15 sided polygon

15- 3= 13, 13 triangles in the polygon

180 x 13=2340

2340 divided by 15 = 156

180-156=24

24 x 15 = 360

 

Week 4 – Foundations 11

This week I learned how vertically opposite angles work.

 

This is a vertically opposite angle. These two diagonal lines intersect each other. Each line adds up to 180, meaning that when they intersect it adds to 360. At the top, we know that one angle is 140. Since the top is 140, we now know that the bottom is 140 as well. In order to find B, we can take 140 + 140 = 280 then subtract 365 from 280 which is 85. You must divide 85 by two in order to get both sides. You would end up getting 42.5 for B. to double check that the answers are correct, you can take all the numbers and add them all together to make sure they add up to 360.

Week 3 – Foundations 11

In this week of foundations 11, i have learned the two other forms of quadratic equations, the vertex form and the factored form. I have learned how to take a vertex equation and be able to input a specific point the parabola goes through to be able to figure out the spacing is for the parabola.

You have the equation y=a(x-6)^2 + 3  and a point that the parabola goes through is (8,4). you would replace the 8 for where the x is and the 4 where the y is, to be able to find A. Once you do that, the equation would look like this… 4= a(8-6)^2 +3. you then do the brackets, 8-6. 4= a(2)^2+3. You then square the 2 in the bracket making it 4. the equation would then look like this… 4=4a+3. You would then subtract 3 from each side making the equation 1=4a. You then have to divide 4 from each side to isolate A. making it 1/4=A. The equation would then look like y=1/4(x-6)^2+3.

 

I could not upload a photo so i wrote it out.

Example: Finding A

Equation: y=a(x+7)^2 +6

Point that parabola crosses: (3,8)

Replace (3,8) with y and x in the equation

8=a(3+7)^2 +6

then you do the brackets

8=a(10)^2 +6

Then you square 10

8=100a+6

you then subtract 6 from each side

2=100a

then divide both sides by 100 to isolate A

leaving 1/50=A

then you replace A with the number you got from the original equation

y = 1/50 (x+7)^2 +6