Category: Grade 9

Grammar Video Project – “Lists: oxford comma & parallel structure, colons (vs semi-colons)”

This is our Grammar Video on Lists: Oxford comma, Parallel Structure, Colons, and Semi-colons.

 

Paragraphs:

The Oxford Comma

The Oxford comma is the last comma in a sentence that includes a list with three or more terms. It also provides a pause to clarify that the last two terms are not connected, and it is located before the conjunction ‘and’ or ‘or’. An example of an Oxford Comma used properly in a sentence is “Mrs. Weasley gave out gifts to her kids, Hermione, and Harry.” In this example, you can clearly tell who Mrs. Weasley is giving out gifts to, which is her many kids (Bill, Charlie, Percy, Fred, George, Ron, and Ginny), as well as her friends Harry and Hermione. If there wasn’t an Oxford comma placed before the conjunction (and), then the sentence would appear as “Mrs. Weasley gave out gifts to her kids, Hermione and Harry.” Without the Oxford comma, it seems as if Hermione and Harry are Mrs. Weasley’s kids (since there is no sign of separation between them), and that is not the message we would want this sentence to be sharing. On the other hand, the Oxford comma is quite controversial as many writers believe that there is no need for the Oxford comma when you can just rephrase your writing. An example of the sentence above, rearranged so the Oxford comma isn’t necessary, is “Mrs. Weasley gave out gifts to Harry, Hermione and her kids.” In this sentence, an Oxford comma isn’t needed, since by reorganizing the order that the nouns are listed in, the plural noun (kids) isn’t at the front.

Parallel Structure

Parallel Structure ensures that the grammatical form used throughout your writing is alike or “parallel”. The components of your sentences that have similar functions should have a similar construction, which means that you are consistent with your grammatical form throughout your writing. An example of Parallel Structure used properly in a sentence is “I like riding my broomstick and catching the snitch.” In this sentence, the grammar within this sentence is consistent. The action verbs, riding and catching, are both present participles. Also, the actions in the sentence are both relevant to each other and the subject matter (which is the activities that I like).

The Semi-colon

The semi-colon is used to connect two closely related independent clauses. Semi-colons can replace a conjunction, shorten a sentence, and bring more variety to your writing. They are known to be stronger than a comma, but less final than a period. An example of a semi-colon used properly in a sentence is “Fred and George are very silly; they like to trick me.” In this sentence, the semi-colon is connecting the two independent clauses. Without the semi-colon, the two independent clauses would still be grammatically correct on their own, however, the presence of it allows readers to see the close relationship between them. Both independent clauses are referring to the topic of Fred and George’s behaviour, so a semi-colon should be used to show the connection.

The Colon

The colon is used to introduce a single component or several elements that add detail to the sentence that came before it, in the form of a list or quote. A colon can only be placed after an independent clause. An example of a colon used properly in a sentence is “For Hermione’s lesson she brought multiple items: a quill, her wand, and spell books.” The clause that is before the colon is an independent clause. Additionally, the list that is connected by the colon is adding detail to the independent clause, as it is explaining exactly what Hermione brought to her lesson. The colon also replaces the conjunction, as it is signifying the beginning of a list.

Review Questions:

1.Where would you place the oxford comma in the sentence below?

Ron invited his family, Harry and Hermione.

2. How can you change the sentence below so that it has a parallel structure?

The Weasley’s love eating, laughing, and to play.

3. True or False: Is the following sentence correct?

Gryffindor won the match; Harry relished in the victory.

4. True or False: Is the following sentence correct?

Hermione Granger once said: “Fear of a name only increases fear of the thing itself.”

 

Review Question Answers:

1.Where would you place the oxford comma in the sentence below?

Ron invited his family, Harry and Hermione.

Answer: Ron invited his family, Harry, and Hermione.

2. How can you change the sentence below so that it has a parallel structure?

The Weasley’s love eating, laughing, and to play.

Answer: The Weasley’s love eating, laughing, and playing.

3. True or False: Is the following sentence correct?

Gryffindor won the match; Harry relished in the victory.

Answer: True; the following sentence is correct.

4. True or False: Is the following sentence correct?

Hermione Granger once said: “Fear of a name only increases fear of the thing itself.”

Answer: False; Hermione Granger once said something startling to Harry Potter: “Fear of a name only increases fear of the thing itself.”

 

Citations

Community Connections

Sheila Reynolds

For this Community Connections assignment, I decided to interview Sheila Reynolds, a former reporter and editor for The Leader (a Surrey owned newspaper company) for almost 20 years. For the past few years, she has worked as a communications professional for a school district. She is a writer, which is the career I would like to pursue when I am older as well. Sheila’s responsibilities include researching and writing engaging articles on behalf of the school board for parents to read. Her responsibilities also involve writing about important events that take place within the Surrey School District to provide accurate and insightful details for the media or press to learn from.

I chose to interview Sheila since I knew her advice for becoming a writer was really going to give me a knowledgeable insight about what I should expect while pursuing this career. It has been my dream for a long time to become a professional writer, whether it be working as an editor for a local newspaper or publishing my own book for the world to enjoy. My passion is writing and it’s a hobby that has really inspired me throughout my whole life. Sheila is an expert in writing and can help me figure out which paths to take and the education I need to be able to follow my dreams of becoming a professional writer myself.

Questions:

1. Why are you passionate about your job?

Depending on what kind of writer you are, there are rarely two days that are the same and it’s almost never boring. My job has always offered a lot of variety and diversity. You can — and sometimes have to — learn about new topics quickly and become knowledgeable enough to explain them to others. One day you may have to understand how a contagious disease is spread, and the next day, understand the importance of a specific cultural ceremony. Along the way, of course, there’s a good chance you’ll meet all types of interesting people, so that’s always fun.

The times where I’ve been most passionate about my job are when I’ve been able to help give a voice or platform to people who might not necessarily have one or don’t know how to express themselves so that they are heard and understood.

Selective Focus Photography of Magazines

2. What obstacles have you faced to get you where you are today?

External obstacles have mainly been changes in the world (like the internet!) that have made vast amounts of information so readily available to so many people. It has diminished the value of good and truthful investigative writing, journalism and fact-finding because there are so much potentially false information and so-called “fake news” at everyone’s fingertips.

Other obstacles have come from inside. Like a lot of creative people, it took me a while to have confidence in my abilities and know that I have a great deal of expertise to contribute and unique talents that many people do not have. I used to think everyone could write. They can’t (not always well, anyway)!

Person Using Laptop Computer

3. What advice would you pass on to someone interested in what you are doing?

  • Always be curious and ask questions. The more you learn about things, the more interesting the world is and the more ideas you’ll have to write about.
  • Keep writing. Writing is like a muscle… it takes practice and training to make it strong, and the more you do it, the better you’ll get. It doesn’t have to be profound or formal – keeping a journal, writing letters, short stories, a blog – it all counts! Reading will also help you grow as a writer.

Woman Typing on Laptop

4. Would you be open to further contact from Riverside students and if so, how can someone contact you?

Of course! Email me anytime at sheilakr@telus.net

5. What experiences in your childhood prepared you for becoming a writer?

I didn’t really know it at the time, but I used to write letters to my grandma when I was a child. She lived out of town and we wrote back and forth regularly about things we had done or seen or heard about. I was practising writing, without realizing it, because it was fun.

My parents were also very supportive of anything creative or artistic. I think that combined with growing up in a home that valued equality and social justice and human rights made me turn to journalism as a way to use my writing skills to make a difference in my community.

Shallow Focus of Letter Paper

6. What have you learned about the different styles of writing?

It’s important to know there are numerous different kinds of writing and many that can offer interesting careers. Creative writing, such as writing fictional stories and novels, may well be the most difficult to pursue as a profession, mainly because it can take time (and some luck!) to have your work recognized, get published, and be paid well for your work.

That said, there are many other avenues, many of which can still be quite creative. Interesting writing all involves storytelling, to some degree, whether it’s writing a news story, a novel, a press release or blog. With some specialized training and education, you can definitely find a path to make a living as a writer. You can also use good writing skills in many other professions!

Close-up of Human Hand

What I took away from this assignment 

After interviewing Sheila and analyzing her responses, I have realized that writing is indeed the profession I want to pursue when I am older. Writing is much more beneficial to our everyday lives than I have ever realized before. Not only is it important skill set to acquire for your schoolwork, it also can lead to more job opportunities and increased communication skills. Proper grammar and punctuation may be the reason I get accepted into my dream school or get a high end job offer. We always have to make sure our writing is suitable for our readers, which leads to use taking the perspective of others more considerably, and getting to know more people in the community. I have learned so much about writing from what Sheila had written. I have always wanted to write stories for a profession when I am older, and Sheila’s insight on the world of writing gave me bundles of tips and information to help me get a head start on my future career.

Writing is a gift, and this interview with Sheila opened my eyes to a whole new understanding of the power that our writing is capable of.

Opportunities

Sheila gave me the opportunity to write a letter to the School District to not only practice my professional writing abilities, but to challenge me to come up with insightful information that is useful to the School District. The topic of my letter was based upon what I would like know about the School District and included details of aspects that I thought maybe they should take into consideration of changing or modifying. Writing this letter opened up a beneficial opportunity and challenged not only my writing skills, but my mind.

Here is the letter I submitted to Sheila Reynolds about the School District:

Not only was I able to write a letter to the School District for Sheila to review, this assignment itself also opened up a major opportunity for me. As I was describing this assignment to my family, I learned that my uncle’s cousin is a screenwriter herself. She writes original screenplays (which is the scripts for movies) and takes whole books and adapts it into a screenplay for movies as well. Two of her major projects includes the Princess Diaries and Coyote Ugly. I could also get advice from her to expand my knowledge on a writing career, and learn so much more about the world of writing scripts used in movies.

Here are a few intriguing stories Sheila has written for The Leader:

https://www.surreynowleader.com/entertainment/environmental-expressions/

https://www.bclocalnews.com/entertainment/finding-similarities-in-our-differences/

https://www.bclocalnews.com/news/he-intentionally-tried-to-hurt-or-even-kill-me-that-day/

Photo Citations:

https://twitter.com/sheilakreynolds

https://www.pexels.com/photo/advertisements-batch-blur-business-518543/

https://www.pexels.com/photo/adult-books-business-coffee-374016/

https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-typing-writing-programming-7112/

https://www.pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-of-letter-paper-1157151/

https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-human-hand-256514/