You will be writing test this Friday.  Tomorrow we will be playing a review game so it is important that you complete these questions. The questions are listed below:

Determine which people each statement applies to: (Plains People, Iroquois, North Coast People, all three)

1. They lived to the east of the Rocky Mountains on the Prairies
2. Sachem’s were the appointed representative of their individual clans
3. These people were hunters and gathers
4.  Lived near the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River
5. Elders were highly respected because they were the ones to pass on their traditions, culture, and history
6. Sometimes, when necessary, a male chief was temporarily appointed
7. In this society, women were recognized as equal to men
8. Buffalo was the most important resource available to these people
9. Had an abundance of food available to them; most of their food came from the ocean
10. They lived along what would become the province of British Columbia and the American States of Washington and Oregon
11. They lived in a very fertile land and grew crops
12. In this society, the woman’s role was to prepare food, make clothing, build and care for the home, and look after the children.
13. Their society was based on a strict caste system whereby people belonged to different classes
14. The lived in villages of 20-350 families and had to move approximately every 12 years to find new fertile land to farm.
15. Lived in cedar plank houses with multiple families occupying one house
16. Tipis were the primary form of shelter in the warmer months
17. This society lived in permanent residences along the beach
18. An important ritual for these people was the Sun Dance
19. Lived in longhouses
20. Used wood, stone, bone, and animal hides to make the majority of their tools
21. Some of these tribes were patrilineal, some matrilineal, and others were a combination of both
22. Lived in small political groups called bands
23. Each tribe was governed by a tribal council made up of men and women
24. Had pre-existing long-standing trade relations in place
25. The circle was sacred to these people
26. The shaman was an important spiritual figure to these people
27. They did not believe in the private ownership of land
28. They developed very sophisticated forms of art including the famous totem poles
29. Neighbouring tribes had no real association or formal organization with one another but would join in a time of need
30. The potlatch was the most important social component to these people
31. The political organization of the group was clan (where the women were the leaders)tribe, nation, league of nations
32. This society was based around the fireside which was made up of a mother and her children

Be able to answer the following questions:

33. Why didn’t boundaries or borders as we know them exist for the First Nations?
34. Who did the First Nations trade with prior to the Europeans’ arrival?
35. Why were the First Nations cultures so different from one another?
36. What is a clan?
37. What is a band?
38. How do scientists believe the First People arrived in North America?
39. How was the culture, history, and traditions of the First Nations passed down?
40. Who were the first to arrive in North America?
41. What was the Northwest Passage?
42. Why was the Northwest Passage important to the European powers?
43. Why were colonies important to the European powers?
44. Why were the First Nations people already familiar with Europeans by the time Cartier and Cabot arrived in North America?
45. Where did European explorers think Canada was located?
46. What did the First Nations often trade for?
47. What is the name of the one of the oldest international companies in the world that started out in New France?
48. What did it mean to “claim the land”?
49. How did England and France think they were going to become rich from colonization?
50. What was the most important fur that Europeans demanded?
51. How were alliances important to the Europeans?

Be able to explain your answers to the following questions:                                                                                                              

1. Using examples of what you have learned about Canada so far, in what ways are the First Nations’s culture different from North American culture (4 examples)
2. What were the two biggest industries in New France?
3. Why was it difficult for the Europeans and First Nations to interpret and understand one another? (2 reasons)
4. One of the most important differences between the First Nations and Europeans, that eventually played a crucial part in the development of Canada, was how each viewed land.  Explain how their views of land ownership were different and the problems it will likely cause. (explain each and identify the problem)
5. Why did the fur trade have such a big effect on the First Nations? (2 points)