Essay correction

1,do the corrections on your essay

2,post your corrected essay on your blog with the TAG: synthesis1

Hirohisa Tokugawa
Ms.Thomasen
English12
Feb 24th
Poem tells about poet

Does a poem disclose a poet’s identity even if they were not meant to do so? ‘’Juicy’’ and ‘’Saturday’s Child’’ both reveal disadvantages of African American life at that era. Specifically, poverty is clearly depicted in both poems. The Notorious BIG is also known as Christopher Wallace released ‘’Juicy’’ in 1994. This poem is meant for hip hop music which is recognized as one of the African American culture. Whereas ‘’Saturday’s child’’ was written by Countee Cullen in 1920’s when Harlem Renaissance, African American cultural movement, was spanning. There are some similarities, but some differences between the two poems. For instance, there are several differences in structures of the two poems. Because of traditional English education that he received and his pacifistic character, Cullen chooses to write poems in conventional ways, such as sonnets and allusions of English literatures. In contrast, the structure of BIG’S ‘’Juicy’’ was built for hip hop music thus its rhyme and rhythm are nonidentical to the one in Cullen’s poems. For this reason, the poetic structure and author’s social experience reflect the purpose of poems; eventually, they can portrays poet’s identities.
In both poems, poverty is revealed as the common suffering in the life. The main subject of ‘’Saturday’s Child’’ is a comparison between elegant and poor life. Cullen writes, ‘’I cut my teeth as the black racoon –For implements of battle’’(line 3-4). The word ‘’racoon’’ was used because it scavenges trash and live in the unsanitary environment. Cullen put this expression so that reader can interpret that African American people were in severe condition, such as being stereotyped, being discriminated and being in poverty. In addition, occasionally, the ‘’racoon’’ can be negative terms for African Americans. Cullen uses this word to states about his race in order to express troubles of their life. The title of poem ‘’Saturday’s Child’’ is an allusion to a folktale called ‘’Monday’s Child’’. In this folktale, children’s personalities are predicted based on day of a week, and Saturday’s child is referred as ‘’works hard for his living’’.(Monday’s Child 1838). The word of ‘’hard’’ could be recognized as the meaning of struggle or arduous, and Cullen implies that all African American at that time is ‘’Saturday’s Child’’. In other words, they are suffering from poverty just because they are African American. Similarly, in ‘’Juicy’’, poverty is based in Wallace’s younghood experiences is illustrated. Moreover, his poem described the prejudice that he received in his life: ‘’Considered a fool ‘cause I dropped out of high school Stereotypes of a black male misunderstood’’,(Wallace line 13-14). Addition to the poverty, negative stereotype based on his race has impaired his dignity.
Even though the two poems mention poverty, there are certain difference between the two poems; the purposes of referring to the poverty in the poems. The main topic of Cullen’s poem is to complain about the misery treatment and environment which surrounds African American. The way how he uses poverty as a topic of the poem conveys his passion to devote himself to improve African American’s social position. However, in ‘’Juicy’’, Wallace states, ‘’ ‘Cause I went from negative to positive’’(line 21). As the line reveals, the aim of stating about poverty that he experienced in childhood is emphasizing his success in his life. By contrasting poverty in the past and current his luxurious life, Wallace tries to express his identity that succeeded to a rapper from nothing.
There are several differences in the structure and poetic devices. ‘’Saturday’s Child’’ consists of strictly ruled couplets. The poem also contains various of poetic devices, such as alliteration and assonance. The traditional English education he received established his writing style in poem. Almost all his poem follows conventional structure and written in difficult connotations and vocabularies, for example, ‘’opulent’’(Cullen, Saturday’s Child, line10). ‘’Opulent’’ means ostentatiously rich and luxurious.
As one of his characteristic points of poem, he tends to put allusions about mythology or old literatures in his poem. Therefore, to understand his literatures deeply and clearly, some researche about the allusions are necessary. Since he uses complicated allusions and difficult vocabularies, sometimes, his poems are referred as ‘’less accessible’’. However, he doesn’t use those complexities to just reveal his capability as a poet. He strives to enrich the contents of poems with all what he can apply to it. In contrast, the structure of ‘’Juicy’’ and its poetic devices in it are specialized for hip hop music. Therefore, rhyme and rhythm has the most importance among all poetic devices. Wallace writes about hip hop musician whom he respects:’’Salt’n’ Peppa and Heavy D up in the limousine’’(line 3). In addition, the vocabulary in
‘’ Juicy’’ is more accessible and connotations of words are easy to understand. For example, ‘’puttin’ 5 karats in my baby girl’s ears’’(Wallace line11) means how rich he is now. The research about allusions in his poem isn’t as significant as the one in Cullen’s poem. He also has confident identity that he is the rapper who is the representative of East coast. For this reason, some references about places where he strongly feel his identity can be found in ‘’Juicy’’.
In conclusion, even though the two poems share the same topic, Cullen and Wallace have completely different aim to it. Cullen accomplishes to his aims that complaining about the terrible state of African American’s life and depict his feeling of belonging to African American in his poem. Whereas Wallace succeeds to stress his identity of having been a loaded hip-hop musician from nothing. Poetic devices and structure vary based on what author is trying to express the most. The rhyme and rhythm are the most important components in this poem since the poem is lyric of rap music. Rap music is one of the biggest themes in Wallace’s life, and it is also his identity. On the other hand, Cullen puts more effort on following the traditional poetic structure, and an allusion about old folktale. His dedicated learning of English poem brings this style of writing. His learning and writing style can be the identity since he has spent enormous time to improve it in his life. Even though poets is not meant to express their identity, if poet devote their best on poems, they can tell poet’s identities.

3,Include images of the authors

4,reflection- two things you are proud of and two things you want to do better on synthesis #2.

:2 things proud of

-I could support my thesis based on some evidences

-My thesis and evidence for it were well-organized.

:2 things to improve

-I made a lot of grammatical errors and wrong word choices. Due to those errors, some parts of my essay becomes very complicating.

-My explanation about quotes are in sufficient, therefore, sometimes, quotes aren’t seem to support my ideas.

 

 

Diffusion in agar cube

1, In terms of maximizing diffusion, what was the most effective size cube that you tested?

-1cm cube has the largest percent diffusion, 100%.  All area was colored in pink which means diffusion was completed.

←From top to bottom, 1cm cube, 2cm cube and 3cm cube.

As the picture shows, no transparent area in 1cm cube. There are some intact area in both 2cm cube and 3cm cube.

 

 

↑The agar cubes are made from the solution containing phenolphthalein. So, when cubes are immersed in basic solution, the color of cube turns to pink from outside to inside. By measuring the area that turned pink, we can calculate the percentage of diffusion.↓

 

 

2,Why was that size most effective at maximizing diffusion? What are the important factors that affect how materials diffuse into cells or tissue?

-The proportion of surface area against the volume of cube becomes largest in 1cm cube. More area is exposed to the solution so that the rate of diffusion results in the fastest. Moreover, less volume requires less time to the diffusion completes.

3, If a large surface area is helpful to cells. Why do cells not grow to be very large?

-The ratio of surface are and volume of cube get closer as the length, width and height increase. Therefore, rather than producing 1 big cell, making multiple cells is more effective in terms of increasing surface area of the cell.

4, You have three cubes, A,B, and C. They have surface to volume ratios of 3:1, 5:2 and 4:1 respectively. Which of these cube is going to be the most effective at maximizing diffusion, how do you know this?

-The cube with ratio 4:1 would have fastest diffusion rate. Since that cube has the smallest volume against its surface area, more area is immersed to the liquid. Therefore, the diffusion in that cube(4:1) complete shorter period than the rest of two cubes.

5,How does your body adapt surface area-to-volume ratios to help exchange gases?

-alveolus in lungs helps expand the surface area so that more amount of gas can be exchanged.

6,Why can’t certain cells, like bacteria, get to be the size of a small fish?

-Since bacteria is consisted from 1 cell. Therefore, the only way to take in the nutrients is diffusion. Therefore, too big cell can’t nourish itself because of fewer surface area of cell membrane.

7,What are the advantages of large organisms being multicellular?

-Can be replaced quickly.

-Restores damaged parts quickly

-Able to form the organism that has specific function by creating various types of cells. e.g. muscle

←Data chart of the experiment.

DNA replication

 

 

 

1, When does DNA replication occur?

DNA replication occur before the cell division happens. It’s done to duplicate genetic information for the new cell.

2,Name and describe the 3 steps involved in DNA replication. Why does the process occur differently on the ”leading” and ”lagging” strands.

-Unwinding&unzipping

The double helix of DNA is unwinded and 2 strands are unzipped due to the enzyme; DNA helicase. DNA helicase unzips DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.

←Green clay represents DNA helicase. The picture shows the unzipping of DNA strands.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-Complimentary base paring

Nucleotides are always in nucleus. The new complimentary base paring is formed between 1 strand of original DNA and new nucleotides in nucleus. This paring is facilitated by the enzyme called DNA polymerase. Due to complimentary base paring(Adenine to Thymine, Cytosine to Guanine), the order of nucleotide remains the same as the one of original DNA.

-Joining

The new nucleotide strand prolong itself toward the unwinding point of original DNA is called leading strand.

The other nucleotide strand prolong itself opposite to the unwinding point is called lagging strand.

Both lagging strand and lagging strand form covalent bond to prolong themselves.The form of covalant bonds is facilitated by the enzyme; DNA polymerase. Leading strand is continuous strand whereas lagging strand isn’t continuous.

Lagging strand is formed by bonding the fragments of nucleotides. DNA ligase is responsible to connect those fragments and make a strand.

↑Left picture shows how fragments of nucleotides forms lagging strand. Orange clay represents DNA ligase and connects the fragments.

↑right picture shows the 2 DNA created by DNA replication. They are identical to each other and to the original DNA.

3,The model today wasn’t a great fit for the process we were exploring. What did you do to model the complimentary base paring and joining of adjacent nucleotides steps of DNA replication. In what ways was this activity well suited to showing this process? In what ways was it inaccurate?

-In this model, lagging strand wasn’t represented properly. Lagging strand is consisted from fragments of nucleotides. Because the model already has backbone of nucleotides, the model is inaccurate to represent lagging strand. With this model, reproduction of joining  process on lagging strand is impossible.

 

Protrein synthesis blog post

 

Protein Transcription

1,How is mRNA differ than DNA?

↑As the model shows, RNA only have 1 strand.

-mRNA has single-stranded structure whereas DNA has double-stranded structure.

-Instead of Thymine, mRNA has a pyramidine called Uracil.

-Since mRNA carries some parts of genetic information of DNA, mRNA is relatively shorter than DNA. So that mRNA easily exit the nucleus.

-mRNA has ribose in its nucleotides. Whereas DNA use deoxyribose in its nucleotide.

2, Describe the process of transcription.

First, DNA is unwinded and unzipped by the hydrogen bonds between DNA is being broken. Then,along the one side of DNA strand, RNA forms complimentaly base bonds. Nextly, backbone of RNA nucleotides forms covalant bonds to each other due to the enzyme called RNA polymerase. As a result, a strand of RNA nucleotides is formed and it is called messenger RNAThe RNA because it carries the genetic code to produce protein.

 

 

 

 

 

←The red strand represents mRNA, blue strand represents one of the DNA strands. The purple clay represents RNA polymerase in this picture.

Finally, mRNA separates from the DNA strand and exits through nucleus. mRNA heads to cytoplasm to convey the genetic code to produce protein. At the end, the DNA is winded again and become usual shape of it.

3,How did today’s good job of modeling the process of RNA transcription? In what ways was our model inaccurate?

The model enhanced the understanding of RNA transcription. However, it hard to see only 1 part of DNA strand is transcripted since the length of RNA strand and DNA strand are the same. In addition, when it comes to unwind the DNA, we had to untie all bonds between bases. In actual transcription, only some part of DNA strand is unwinded and remaining strand stay in double helix structure. Therefore, the model is somewhat inaccurate to illustrate the process of transcription.

Protein translation

1, Describe the process of translation: initiation, elongation, and termination.

-Initiation: Subunits of ribosome are connected to mRNA. Then, the 2 ribosome subunits bind together.

-Elongation: Ribosome holds mRNA and let tRNA to bring specific amino acid which corresponds to the 3 letter code of mRNA called ” codon”.tRNA also has 3 letters code to bind with proper mRNA codon and it is called ”anticodon”.  There are two rooms for the tRNA  in a ribosome. After those 2 rooms are filled with 2 tRNA and 2 amino acids, 1 of the tRNA leaves from the room and amino acid

makes peptide bond to each other. Then, new tRNA with amino acid enters to vacant room of ribosome.  This is how the chain of amino acids is created.

←red paper represents ribosome, green paper represents tRNA, blue paper represents amino acid. tRNA brings amino acid that correspond to codon in mRNA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

←The amino acids make peptide bonds and form polypeptide chain after tRNA leaves from ribosome.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-Termination: There are some codon which don’t make any protein. That is called stop codon.

For stop codon, there’s no corresponding anticodon. Since no amino acid is added to the chain, ribosome dissociate into its 2 subunits and polypeptide is released.

↑As the picture shows, as soon as the stop codon is read, amino acid is no longer  added to polypeptide.

Then, ribosome dissociates into 2 subunit and polypeptide is released.

 

 

 

 

2, How did today’s activity do a good job of modeling the process of translation? In what ways our model inaccurate?

– The activity enriched the understanding of protein translation. However, the process of combining 2 subunits of ribosome wasn’t reproduced in the activity. In addition, because we didn’t represent ribosome with 2 subunits, the process of termination is also somewhat different from the way actually happen in the ribosome.

Core Competency Reflection Pre-Cal 12

-How has the unit impacted your creative and critical thinking and communication skills?

In this unit, I learned how the change in variables affect the shape of its graph. Now, I’m able to state how the graph change its shape if  any change applied in variables. I can also answer what was the change in variables by comparing 2 graphs.

Those skills developed my critical thinking and creative thinking.

I also learned how should I describe the change in graph e.g. (m,n)→(m,n+2) ,vertical and horizontal translation, vertical and horizontal stretch, reflections, absolute value transformation, reciprocal transformation etc…

The way to express changes enhanced my communication skills. Especially, in math, this skill is essential to communicate with peers.

Lyrical Free Verse in Response to “Yet Do I Marvel”

I seek the reason why did god create imperfect animal

I seek the reason why did god initiate irrational trouble

We are all tempted by Him

We are all suffered by Him

Only Himself has the privilege to be exempted from his contradiction

Only He knows the reason of unreasonable treatment for us

I wouldn’t quit questioning until He answers