Surface Area of a Sphere

In todays activity was to use the peelings of a spherical orange to determine the formula to find the surface area. First we had to cut it in half, trace the circumference as many times as needed, then peel the half oranges and fill as many circle fully with peelings. As a result, 4 circles were filled giving me the conclusion that >>
Area of Sphere could = 4 x (pi) x diameter.

However, this is what I assume.

Garibaldi Lake

Garibaldi is a lake you may recognize from many well known photos of Canada. The lake is glacier water dammed on one side by lava formation (aka The Barrier), along with feeding Rubble Creek and it is located north of Squamish and south of Whistler, BC.

Estimate how much water the Barrier contains behind it in the lake?

To get a general idea of how much water the lake consists of requires to find the approximate volume of the lake. There are many ways to find volume and since Garibaldi Lake isn’t exactly a circle or has a flat lake bed, its needed to assume the lake as a shape like a triangular or rectangular prism because the surface can be rectangular and have it triangular for the floor inclines as you go deeper.

The formula for volume of a prism is >>  V= base area height – or depth in our case.

The known area of Garibaldi lake is 9.94 km square and the average depth of the lake is 119 m. To complete the equation, first kilometres has to change to metres and since 1 km = 1,000 m, 9.94 has to be multiplied by 1,000 in which = 9,940 m.

Since the units are now the same, they can be multiplied>>

9,940 m = area      119 m = height/depth

V = (9,940) x (119)

1,182,860 m cubed

Therefore, 1,182,860 m cubed is the estimate for how much glarier water Lake Garibaldi has.

If the Barrier faulted, what do you think would happen? Consider; how much water would escape, and what kind of power is the escaping water equivalent to?

For how much water may escape, consider the depth of the barrier. The Barrier was form 9,000 years ago from lava flow from Mount Price, it has the length of 2.4 km and the height of 243 m, along with allowing for Rubble Creek to outflow from Garibaldi Lake. The max. depth of the lake is 258 m, which leaves around 15 m difference.

To determine how much water might escape, its needed to calculate how much would remain. We already know the volume of the lake = 1,182,860 m cubed. Therefore >>

max depth – 1,182,860 m per 258 m

258 m/15 m = 1,182,860 m/x

= 15 x 1,182,860/258

= 17,742,900/258

68,771 m cubed

then>>

1,182,860 m – 68,771 m = 1,118, 089 m cubed

From this, around 1,118,089 m cubed would escape while 68,771 would remain in the lake.

For what would happen if the water could escape, it would most likely flood over Squamish, having the flow 120 metres high he estimates, according to Dr. Quane from Quest University, it would be catastrophic.

The provincial government deemed the area below the lake to be unsafe for human habitation in 1981 due to its instability in volcanic and tectonic activity or heavy rainfall.

“Geologically, the chances of this happening are almost certain”, he said “But the probability of it happening in our lifetime is really low”

Resources

Garibaldi Lake a ticking time bomb?

The Barrier

Garibaldi Lake: Everything tourists (and you) need to know before you go

Gene Drive Podcast – Science 10

Podcast Notes

What type of gene mutations did scientists edit?

  • A gene mutation responsible for a heart disease in humans.
  • It involves the gene that develops the heart muscle.

What is a germ line mutation? How many do humans have?

  • Germ line mutations are inherited mutations from one generation that have been past to the next generation.
  • There are various different germ lines (thousands).
  • Because like in DNA between humans, 99.9% of our DNA are similar with 0.1% being the component that makes us unique from each other.

Why do scientists perform gene therapy at the embryotic stage?

“The embryotic stage is the earliest stage to perform the gene therapy before the time of fertilization. Scientists were tasks to access and change the mutation, so they work at this stage because basically when the child is born, the mutation has already been incorporated in the development, so changing every effected cell (which are billions) back to normal is impossible.”

Do you agree with the practice of humans altering genomes of species? Why or why not?

“Well generally, I wouldn’t go for it because DNA is coded instructions for the development of organisms, so it seems like a delicate process to alter and it shouldn’t be messed with. However, of course the purpose of gene therapy research is to find a safe treatment of genetic diseases, so I would only agree to that.”

 

RAC – Random Act of Caring

From February 11-17th was Random Acts of Kindness week where you would perform a random act(s) of kindness to someone in your community. There are a few acts I done (sometimes on a basis) so I’ll explain 3:

  1. Saying “please” and “thank you” and be sincere about it – I always appreciate it when someone devotes their time in helping me out.
  2. Holding the door for someone – when I have the time, I often hold the door open for people who are going to their class, especially during transitions in between.
  3. If someone is short of some change, give it to them – the first time I did it was after school, when I was a different bus stop because the one at school didn’t come, Anyway, another student from the same school was at the bus stop with her friends and I overheard she didn’t have change for the bus so I gave some to her and her reaction to that made me feel . . . uplifting.

What did you notice about the people who benefited from the RAC?

What did you notice about yourself

How did performing a RAC contribute to your personal awareness and responsibility?

Did you enjoy this RAC? Would you do it again? Would you change it, it so, how?

How did it contribute to your leadership skills?

Did you notice it ‘catching on’ with others?

 

With opening doors, saying ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ or giving spare change, we all live in the same community as either neighbors, classmates, co-workers and teachers. So performing an RAC is a simple way of leaving a good impression on others and being a good role-model. It can also inspire others on what they can do for the community they live in, anything from saying ‘thank you’ to planning a fundraiser.

As a leader, it is needed to set a good example on how you treat others because as we mature, others like those in earlier grades look up to us resulting in what we do to “catch on”. For example,  some days I notice someone holding the door for everyone to go through in the school during class transitions or simply invited someone to eat lunch with.

The most common reaction I get from the person I helped, especially to a stranger is that sign of appreciation – a dawned look on their face or smiling and saying a “big thank you” and seeing that appreciation, along with knowing that I may have made their day easier makes me feel more confident, happy and the slight urge to do more, like meet new people and try new things. So yes, I would continue these RACs often.

DNA Model

DNA – aka deoxyribonucleic acid is a chain molecule made up of a sequence of molecular components that exists in nearly all organisms. The components are known as chemical bases which act as a code of instructions for making an entire living being to develop and survive. DNA is stored in the nucleus of every cell tightly coiled into 23 pairs of chromosomes (except blood cells, since they lose their DNA as the mature). We inherit 23 chromosomes from our parents.

DNA is often known to be in a form of a double helix made of two strands of sugar and phosphate linked together by a pair of bases, and these bases form long sequence called genes that are coded instructions to build proteins. When a cell needs to duplicate or make a protein, the helix splits itself into two halves so that a copy of the gene can be made. The bases are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) – they always form with the same pairs (A-T, G – C) and these pair make up the entire sequence of DNA.

Since genes code the molecules that are essential for life, majority of genes are the same in everyone. However only about 1% have different variations – known as alleles which give unique physical traits like hair or eye color. They could result in more problematic conditions, like hemophilia or cystic fibrosis because alleles come in pairs, one can override the other so that the trail remain hidden.