Diffusion In AGAR Cubes (David Andrews)

Hypothesis: The smaller the cell, the more effective the diffusion will be.

1. In terms of of maximizing diffusion, what was the most effective size cube that you tested?
The smallest was the most effective, the whole cube had gone pink.
2. Why was that size most effective at maximizing diffusion? What are the important factors that affect how materials diffuse into cells or tissues?
The volume was smaller, allowing it to spread at a larger and faster rate.
3. If a large surface area is helpful to cells, why do cells not grow to be very large?
When cells grow larger, the volume of the cube begins to decrease, thus resulting in a stop of growth for the cells.
4.Which cube will be most effective at maximizing diffusion, and how do you know this?
Cube C, the surface area and volume is greater than the others, thus allowing more cells to grow.
5.How does your body adapt surface area-to-volume ratios to help exchange gases?
The surface area to volume ratio of a cell must be such that the cell membrane has enough surface area to adequately serve the internal contents of the cell, including the adequate exchange of gases. If the surface area to volume ratio of a cell gets too small, the cell must either undergo mitotic cell division or it will no longer be able to function.
6.Why can’t certain cells, like bacteria, get to be the size of a small fish?
Smaller cells (unicellular) will divide when they grow too large.
7.What are the advantages of large organisms being multi-cellular?
They are able to many more different cells and have more complex designs, even creating organs.

3 Recipes Assignment (David Andrews)

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Cucumber Finger Sandwich:
8 Slices of white sandwich bread
30 Ml of softened butter
Half a cucumber, peeled and thinly sliced.
60 ml of mayonnais
14 ml of chopped chives
5 ml of yellow mustard
Kosher salt and ground black pepper
Strawberry Milkshake:
226 ml of strawberries sliced and whole
30 ml of sugar
5 ml of vanilla extract
473 ml of vanilla icecream
118 ml of milk
Banana Smoothie:
1 Banana
1/2 an orange peeled
80 ml of greek yogurt
60 ml of milk
10 ml of honey

DNA And Protein Synthesis

1. DNA is composed of many molecules known as nucleotides, every nucleotide has a phosphate group, sugar group and nitrogen base. There are 4 types of nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine (A,T,G,C).
2. We may get a close interpretation on how the process would feel and how the basic fundamentals are added.
3. DNA replication begins in the synthesis phase of mitosis.
4. DNA is the seperation of the 2 DNA strands that make up the helix, DNA Helicase untwists the helix at locations called replication origin, the replication origins shape into a Y-like shape known as a replication fork.
5. We felt the process was successful in completing the pairing and joining, though it did a lot of time.
6. DNA is made up of Deoxyribose sugar whilst mRNA is made up of Ribose sugar, DNA has thymine whilst mRNA has uracil.
7. Transcription is the process of when DNA is copied to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis.
8. We were successful in creating the model shown of the worksheet and learning which pairs would need to up with mRNA.

Safety Cheat Sheet (David Andrews)

1. How to avoid starting fires(fires)
-Fires are most typically started by leaving the stove or oven on, thus resulting in whatever is inside to catch fire. One of the easiest ways to avoid causing a fire is to stay attentive to whatever you cooking. Keep an eye on your food and watch what condition it is in order to decide when and when not to remove it from the oven or stove.
2. Remove constrictive clothing(burns)
-If you are burned somewhere on your body that you cannot reach due to tight spacing and clothing, remove the required clothing and apply cold water on the burn. If your clothing catches fire, the 2 main things to do are either, stop, drop and roll or remove the ignited clothing as quickly as possible.
3. Avoid spilling on counter tops(chemical)
-Avoid spilling certain chemicals all over the counter, if there are chemicals that are mixed into the ingredients there is a good chance that the food will be contaminated, thus resulting in you not only cleaning up the counter, but also needing to get new ingredients and restart that part of the lab.
4. Avoid wearing baggy clothing(slips)
-Wearing baggy clothing is not recommended in the kitchen. If you wear pants that sag to the point of touching the ground, you are increasing the chances of someone stepping on that sag and potentially making either you or others slip, leading to obvious catastrophes.
5. use anesthetics if needed to stop infections.(cuts)
-Cuts are not only painful, but can become infected if not treated properly. The use of certain anesthetics can disinfect a wound and is recommended to use before applying a band-aid of some degree.
6. lift items in intervals.(heavy lifting)
-Lifting items are quite important in order to cook, a lot of the time they will be heavy objects such as rice bags or appliances. Lifting these things in intervals tend to be a lot safer as you are not putting yourself or others in harm’s way by carrying too many things.
7. Avoid keeping food near other chemicals such as dish soap.(Food poisoning)
-To avoid spilling chemicals all over your ingredients, it is recommended to keep these chemicals stored away until fully necessary. A good example being dish soap, keep it away from the food you are preparing by leaving it in the covers and taking it out once it is needed again.
8. Avoid keeping rotting food in the kitchen.(Waste management)
-Rotten food can not only smell bad, but can affect your food if left to close to each other. Its best to simply throw away the rotten food, but if in a situation where you cannot currently throw it out, keep it away from your food as far as possible, as flies and bits of the remains could fall into the ingredients.
9. clean yourself properly when in shower or bath.(Personal Hygiene)
-Cleaning the kitchen is proper and necessary, but keeping yourself clean is just as important. If you don’t clean after yourself, your hands and clothing will get dirty and can spread that dirt into the work space and make you waste more time having to clean everything around.

Week 15 In Pre-Calc

It takes a painter 3 hours to spray paint a fence. When two people paint the fence, one using a sprayer and the other suing a brush, they can paint the fence in 2 hours. How long would it take one person to paint the fence using only a brush?

[2/3+2/x]3x
2x+6=3x
6=x
x= time one person painting with only a brush