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Candy Acid Lab — Everyday Acid Lab

April 18, 2019 / / 0 Comments

Lab with Aaron and Chloe

The conclusion is written by Chloe

Purpose: Find the pH and the concentration of the acid.

Procedure:

  1. On a scale, measure 3.00 g of powdered Tartaric acid. Record mass into a notebook.
    Measuring Tartaric acid on a scale
  2. Warm 50.0 mL of water on a burner.
    Heating water on a burner
  3. Dilute measured Tartaric acid into warmed water. Mix with a glass rod.
    Diluting Tartaric acid with water
  4. With a funnel and filter paper, wet the filter paper with a wash bottle, so it sticks to the surface of the funnel, then dispose of the water collected. Proceed to filter the sample of diluted Tartaric acid into an Erlenmeyer flask.
    Filtering sample
  5. Prep titration area. Take a buret and fill it all the way with 0.10 M of NaOH (base). Then clamp the buret onto the stand with a magnetic stirrer.
    Sample under buret
  6. Read the initial level of each buret and record this in your notebook. The proper reading is taken from the bottom of the meniscus. If the initial reading is at exactly at zero, then report 0.00 mL.
  7.  Take the filtered sample of Tartaric acid and measure out 10.0 mL with a graduated cylinder. Once measured, pour into a 50.0 mL beaker.
    Measured 10.0 mL sample transferred into a beaker
  8. Into the beaker of Tartaric acid, add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein (indicator). Drop in the stir bar and place the sample onto the magnetic stirrer under the clamped buret.
    Adding a few drops of Phenolphthalein into the sample
  9.  Turn on stirrer and start slowly dropping the NaOH from the buret into the Tartaric acid sample.
  10. Continue adding base until a very faint pink colour remains. Stop the buret and the timer. Record the final volume of the base.
    Sample turning pink
  11. To record the total base added into the sample, subtract the final volume of base and the initial volume from the buret reading.
  12. Repeat steps  6-10 two more times.

Materials:

–       3.00 grams of Tartaric acid–       50.0 mL of water

–       0.10 M of NaOH

–       Phenolphthalein

–       Glass rod

–       Measuring scale

–       Weigh boat

–       Scoopula

–       Funnel

 –      Filter paper–      Wash bottle

–      Erlenmeyer flask

–      Magnetic stirrer w/ a stand and clamp

–      Stir bar

–      Graduated Cylinder

–      50.0 mL beaker

 

 

Data:

Mass of Tartaric acid: 3.01 g Tartaric acid

Initial Reading of NaOH: 0.1 mL

Trial # Volume of NaOH (mL)
1st trial 5.90 mL
2nd trial 5.90 mL
3rd trial 4.90 mL
Average Volume: 5.60 mL

 

Calculations:

Total volume of NaOH and Tartaric acid (C4H6O6): 0.0100 L C4H6O6 + 0.0056 L NaOH = 0.0156

M1V1 = M2V2

(0.10 M NaOH)(0.0056 L NaOH) = M2(0.0156 mL)

M2 (H30)= 0.036 M

 

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we learned how acids are found in everyday life and surprisingly, in our food! From a quick google search, it says that Tartaric acid is found naturally in grapes and in wine. In this experiment and through different procedures, we found the concentration of our acid by diluting the Tartaric acid and filtering it, and through Titration, by using a known concentration (NaOH) we find the unknown concentration of Tartaric acid. Using equation M1V1=M2V2,  we find the concentration of Hydronium Ions and we used this data to find our final pH, which is 1.6. It is surprising how acidic food can be.

Constant Equilibrium Lab – A Block

March 7, 2019 / / 0 Comments

Part I:  Preparation of a standard absorption curve for FeSCN+2

Standard 0.20M Fe(NO3)3 0.0020 M KSCN 0.100M HNO3 [FeSCN+2] Absorbance
A

 

 10.0 mL 0.0 mL 15.0 mL 0 0
B

 

 10.0 mL 1.0 mL 14.0 mL 8.0×10-5 0.294
C

 

 10.0 mL 1.5 mL 13.5 mL 1.2×10-4 0.486
D

 

 10.0 mL 2.0 mL 13.0 mL 1.6×10-4 0.690
E

 

 10.0 mL 2.5 mL 12.5 mL 2.0×10-4 0.885
F

 

 10.0 mL 3.0 mL 12.0 mL 2.4×10-4 1.15

EQUATION:                                                                                            R2__0.9893__

Part 2: Measuring Equilibrium

Test Solution 0.0020 M Fe(NO3)3 0.0020 M

KSCN

 0.10 M

HNO3

 Initial [Fe+3] Initial [SCN–] Absorbance Equilibrium

[FeSCN+2]*
I

 

 5.0 mL 0 5.0 mL 0.001 0.00 0.00 N/A
II

 

 5.0 mL 1.0 mL 4.0 mL 0.001 0.0002 0.173 4.70×10-5
III

 

 5.0 mL 2.0 mL 3.0 mL 0.001 0.0004 0.356 8.54×10-5
IV

 

 5.0 mL 3.0 mL 2.0 mL 0.001 0.0006 0.512 1.18×10-4
V

 

 5.0 mL 4.0 mL 1.0 mL 0.001 0.0008 0.686 1.55×10-4
VI

 

 5.0 mL 5.0 mL 0.0 mL 0.001 0.0010 0.790 1.77×10-4

 

* To be determined from the standard graph equation.

ANALYSIS:

  1. Use your graph equation to calculate the equilibrium concentrations of FeSCN+2.
  2.  Prepare and ICE chart for each test solution (II – VI) and calculate the value of Keq for each of your 5 tests solutions.

 

Test Solution

Keq =322

 Fe3+               +                SCN–                    ⇄            FeSCN2+
I

 

 0.001 0.0002 0.00
C

 

 -4.70×10-5 -4.70×10-5 +4.70×10-5
E

 

 9.53×10-4 1.53×10-4 4.70×10-5

 

 

Test Solution

Keq =296

 Fe3+               +                SCN–                    ⇄            FeSCN2+
I

 

 0.001 0.0004 0.00
C

 

 -8.54×10-5 -8.54×10-5 +8.54×10-5
E

 

 9.15×10-4                3.15×10-4 8.54×10-5

 

Test Solution

Keq =278

 Fe3+               +                SCN–                    ⇄            FeSCN2+
I

 

 0.001 0.0006 0.00
C

 

 -1.18×10-4 -1.18×10-4 +1.18×10-4
E 8.82×10-4 4.82×10-4 1.18×10-4

 

Test Solution

Keq =284

 Fe3+               +                SCN–                    ⇄            FeSCN2+
I

 

 0.001 0.0008 0.00
C

 

 -1.55×10-4 -1.55×10-4 +1.55×10-4
E

 

 8.45×10-4 6.45×10-4 1.55×10-4

 

Test Solution

Keq =261

 Fe3+               +                SCN–                    ⇄            FeSCN2+
I

 

 0.001 0.001 0.00
C

 

 -1.77×10-4 -1.77×10-4 +1.77×10-4
E

 

 8.23×10-4 8.23×10-4 1.77×10-4

 

CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION:

  1. Comment on your Keq values.   Do your results convince you that Keq is a constant value regardless of the initial concentrations of the reactants?  Why or why not?
  • The Keq for the most part is constant with minor differences and exceptions. The differences – on a grand scale of measuring equilibrium – are not that far apart. As the SCN increases, the FeSCN decreases all while having a constant initial Fe, which causes an overall equal equilibrium.

 

  1. Calculate the average value of Keq from your five trials. The actual value of Keq  for this reaction at 25oC is reported as 280.   Calculate (should you use all of your values?) the percent difference of your average value from the reported value:

% difference = (experimental value – reported value)  x 100%

Reported value

((288-280)÷280) x 100% = 2.86 %

Percent difference = 2.86 %

 

English 12 Poetry Paring — This Mortal Coil

January 21, 2019 / / 0 Comments

Essay link here

For my poetry pairing, I chose After Life by Joan Didion. It sparks remarkable afterthought of how fragile life is, and the importance of living it — because we all anticipate death, just not the moment of dying.

People measure life by the success of their journey, or by the accomplishments accrued from academics and advancements: The things an individual does soon defines them as breadcrumbs of ones worth or a résumé of one’s life; People may measure life as important moments: The times with friends enjoying a hot cup of coffee, or the awkward family gatherings which involved nothing but the silence as canny as prayers.  However, It’s unsettling to imagine that none of these things will last because of one’s inherent humanity. After all, we’re only made of flesh and blood sowed by our parents, and as Joan Didion states: “Life changes fast. Life changes in the instant. You sit down to dinner and life as you know it ends.” We can’t possibly imagine what dying is like until the instant it happens, and when it happens — It’s too late to question the things we should have while time was prevalent, and the sun would still set above the horizon. Death is a part of life, and in many ways, makes us vulnerable. Although, Death allows us to understand the scarcity of time, to cherish the subtlety of each moment, and to lose things we’ve never had.

The essay After Life by Joan Didion portrays the sudden inevitability of death, and how anyone can lose sight of tomorrow just as easily as time passes. It is riddled with the tragedy of death but –if one looks closely– welcomes the acceptance of life, and in that, a flourishment of beauty and opportunity.

I chose this picture because it correlates the essay and my poem. Death is inevitable, and it comes soon to some or later to others. When some die soon, the others might suffer. Furthermore, death is blind. By this, it may come unexpectedly and it doesn’t choose its victims.

This Mortal Coil

Death cradles Life like

a good death to

an end of

a bad life

or a good man

to a punishment

 

What is this mortal coil?

It is the endearment of pain

It is the curtain drawn before a good show could end

It is the death of Sisyphus, for his body moves but his faith is in vain.

 

Spoken Word – Block D

November 27, 2018 / / 0 Comments

Gandalf and SAS

October 31, 2018 / / 0 Comments

One Step at a Time

Life is known to be tedious and difficult, it’s only passage of life is one sinuous route from start to finish, and sometimes we lose focus on what is possible. In the narrative essay, A South African Storm by Allison Howard presents a thesis that both the Lord of The Rings’ most notable wizard and Allison’s essay have in common.

 Allison’s thesis conveys the idea that even small and infinitesimal actions may change the course of someone’s history, “If I lose a hold on my instincts here, I’ll fail myself and I’ll fail to achieve those tiny things that matter so much. It’s simple and it’s small; and it’s everything.” The sentence closes with a quote from Gandhi indicating that no matter the position of power one may be in, the contribution — no matter how small — is unequivocally important to progression and change.

Gandalf presents similarities in the instance of Allison Howard’s thesis, “Some believe it is only great power that can hold evil in check, but that is not what I have found. I found it is the small everyday deeds of ordinary folk that keep the darkness at bay… small acts of kindness and love. ” Presenting that power, most notably the ‘small everyday deeds of ordinary folk’ can affect change and progression.

An example of text to world/self examples:

In Allison Howard’s narrative essay, we discover that conventionalism — when unexpected and unrealized — can become a bad thing, ” Convention compels us to do so many things that don’t make any sense at all. Convention misinforms our instincts. And in a larger sense, it is convention that propels Afrikaner culture anachronistically into the future.” Presenting that in the author’s philosophy, conventional habits often take over instinctual behavior. It is the conventional habits of that we often carry around with us no matter where we are, just as she was the only lady who entered the car of the man since she was the only white woman around. She realized what she was doing is wrong, so in the correction to her mistake, she decided to walk with the Afrikaners just as they would. She realizes that this is not going to make a big difference but to the lives of those Venda women it’s a subtle sign of respect, and maybe change.  Therefore, sometimes it only requires little effort to contribute to people, society, or change. The power lies not in the rich and influential, but in those willing; Whereby, to ‘walk in the rain.’

Blog Log Two – D Block

October 29, 2018 / / 0 Comments

Memories Sold Here 

Click Here for the blog.

If there’s one thing in life, it would be the memories one accrues over experience, whereas the materialistic rewards — “Happiness is in the content of moment-to-moment experiences. Nothing material is intrinsically valuable, except in whatever promise of happiness it carries.” Conveying that the things in life we are constantly being exposed to become the least that matters. As the post describes that objects become long enough for it to seem imperfect, or they were imperfect from the start,  and the memorable nostalgic reminiscence become “sweeter with time;” Whereby, even a bad experience can become a good laugh sometime in the future.

This post interests me because we constantly live in a society confined by materialistic motives, and means of living, or simply a currency of fleeting happiness. But the main sources of happiness are the memories and experiences we create. Some things die, but some memories live on forever.

The author of the post depicts the reality of experience vs materialism with plenty of support and evidence. Occasionally, he mixes his own opinions with the statement and studies of others. The insight of life he sheds upon is constantly supported by other people — Psychologist professor Daniel Gilbert, Matthew Killingsworth, Thomas Gilovich, and Amit Kumar.

 

Blog Log One – D Block

October 25, 2018 / / 0 Comments

Milk Gone Bad

Cheese is one of the world’s most common dairy products that offer a plethora of flavors and types. From this food category comes new jobs dedicated to the sole purpose of cheese enthusiasts, connoisseurs, and critics. Therefore, cheese is overall a good thing, and something common to all people, which is also why I’m interested in the change of the famous French camembert cheese. Click Here for the blog.

The author David Schrieberg presents the information of consumerist news with a variety of support and detail, which ranges from citations of well-known organizations, and opinions from the president of INAO as well as the president of Association Fromages de Terroirs.

The blog basically explains that the authenticity of one of the world’s most notable cheeses — The French Camembert — is being changed from a pure, unpasteurized Normandy milk of the illustrious emerald fields of grass, to only 30% of what it used to be in conjunction with other ingredients to boost production rates. Whereby, to increase production of products, the quality of ingredients must be demoted. Illustrating the murder of authentic French camembert cheese, and all for the sake of business — which, furthermore denotes business people a certain notoriety for their choices in quality or quantity, people or money, and selfishness or greed.

 

 

 

 

Neuron Communication Lesson

October 15, 2018 / / 0 Comments

Neuron Structure:

Neuron Function:

Neurons are composed of the cell body (the largest volume section, which looks like a fried egg.), dendrites (conduct messages towards the cell body, fibres carrying incoming messages. Receiving and bringing nerve messages to the cell body), and the axon (conduct message away from the cell body, it takes the message from the cell body and sends it out to the next cell in the chain of communication.  Neurons communication through action potential — A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon through the movement of positive ions in and out.

– Depolarization: incoming message stimulates section of the axon, channels in membrane open to allow Na+ ions to enter the axon

– Repolarization: Channels open that allow K+ ions to exit axon, which causes the next segment of the axon to depolarize. Therefore, creating a flow of depolarization — a sequential depolarization/repolarization causing the AP to move smoothly down the axon.

Synapse Structure:

Synapse function:

The Synapse includes: tips of terminal branches of the axon, tiny spaces between neurons, the synapse is the space between the dendrite and the axon, ends of dendrites of receiving neuron. The Axon terminal branch produces neurotransmitters which are used to mediate neurons and its signals.

-This is done through the AP causing synaptic vesicles to release NT into the synaptic gap. The NT diffuses through the gap and binds to receptors on receiving neurons.

– In the NT, the message is then received as excitatory (stimulates AP on receiving neuron) or inhibitory (represses AP on receiving neuron) This is decided whether the neuron reaches is threshold — which must be met in order for it to be excitatory.

 

Work Experience 12

January 22, 2018 / / 0 Comments

In my work experience, I had the privilege of working with a communicative staff and a fun work environment. Here, I learned the motivation behind the staff members and Science World’s inspirations; and now sharing with the rest of aha-18.

Periodicity In Atomic Properties

September 28, 2017 / / 0 Comments

Periodicity In Atomic Properties:

Through atoms 1-35

Alkali Metals: White

Halogens: Green

Noble Gases: Yellow-ish Gold

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