Category: Grade 9

Part 3:
1) Define and state the significance of each of the following (Horizons – Chapter 4 – pages 156-160):
Term Definition/Background Significance
Rupert’s Land A huge part of modern day Canada around Hudson’s bay that was owned by the HBC in the 1860s Sold to Canada without considering the Metis tribe at Red River
Louis Riel Lawyer, Fluent in French and English, originally from Red River He became the leader of the Red River Resistance
Land surveyors Surveyed the Rupert’s land Didn’t listen or care about the metis concerns
Canada Party (page 155) A political party in hopes of taking control of the colony Increased tension with the Metis tribe who were already being discriminated against
Fort Garry Just a fort around the Metis area The Metis occupied it seizing weapons and were willing to fight for their rights
William McDougall An anti french man who was proclaimed by John a MacDonald as the governor of the Northwest Territories Messed up and upon proclaiming he was the governor he got locked in the states
John Schultz Arrested by the Riel and Armed Metis along with 48 of his followers Once the news got to ottawa John A MacDonald sent in a HBC person to negotiate he also stated that if negotiation didn’t work they would take it by force
Thomas Scott An Anti-Metis settler who was imprisoned. He was so out of hand and he physically assaulted guards so he was sentenced to death which cause implications for the Metis
John A MacDonald First Prime minister of Canada Wanted to create a dominion of Canada that stretched from one coast to the next, tried to deal with situations with the Metis peacefully.

Part 4:
1) What is scrip? How was the process of attaining scrip made difficult? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pages 167-168 and Collections Canada)
Scrip was a piece of paper that held monetary value either in money or land, they had no choice in where the land was located, and everyone only got one each 160$ for adults and 240$ for children. A lot of the time land would be over 6Km from water which could lead to problems.

2) What were the Laws of St Laurent? What happened to these laws and how was Lawrence Clarke involved? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pages 169-172)
The Laws of St. Laurent were community laws created to govern all parts of their lives, some hunters needed to hunt before the official season so they were caught and arrested by the hunt captain Dumont however Clarke the HBC owner and the official rule maker for the province was contacted by hunters and dumont was punished which made the laws pointless because people could get away with breaking them

3) How would you characterize Canada’s treatment of the Metis after the Red River Rebellion (explain by considering the Manitoba Act, and what happened with scrip and the Laws of St Laurent)?
Not well although they were allowed to live their own lifestyle but say someone were to break a St. Laurent law they would be punished but they could just appeal to the HBC and then they would be fine meaning their system was now broken meaning they have to throw away part of their life, also they now had to pay a lot of money for land that’s worse then the land they had before because of the scrip so Canada’s treatment of the Metis was sub par.

Provide sketch here
Part 5:
1) Explain why whiskey was a growing problem for First Nations people in the Plains. (CBC.ca)
Fur traders took advantage and got them drunk before trading, it also caused the residents of these places to become addicted to the alcohol and then all their furs were going for alcohol.

2) What are the reasons for the creation of the Northwest Mounted Police? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pages 174-175)
They created the NWMP to enforce the laws from Ottawa because although the land was Canadian it was hard to enforce the laws there. Canada was also scared of some of the land being taken over by Americans because they were trading whiskey for furs.

Part 6:
1) What are the reasons for the Aboriginals and Canada to enter into treaty negotiations?
Aboriginal Reasons Canada’s Reasons
They were desperate for food and they would get farming tools out of the deal
It was better than fighting the Canadians physically
They got money annually To get the land without fighting
Because they owned the land and they wanted no contest to it

2) What did the Aboriginals receive in Treaties 1-7 in exchange for giving up their rights to the land?
They received land from 24mx24m to 1.5×1.5km for families, Alcohol was banned from the reserves, they were subject to Canadian law, they could only leave their reserves with a permission slip. So they basically got some land and somewhere to continue living in their communities, they also got some money annually with the chief getting more money then the regular band members

 

Part 8:
1) Why did MacDonald develop the National Policy? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pg 197)
As a campaign platform to get votes, this doesn’t seem unlikely because he asked for campaign money.

2) Define each of the three parts of the National policy. For each case, state why MacDonald thought it would benefit Canada:
Definition & how to get it done Benefits
Impose High Tariffs Tariff is import and export tax basically the idea is to raise them to protect Canadian industry and jobs Helps Canadian made industries grow and creates jobs, could get new technology to Canada, raises government revenue, keeps Canadians in their country and
Settle the West He made land free although not the best land, (10 dollars if you didn’t want to develop the land) Helps feed Canada and protect the land from America
Build a Transcontinental Railway Offers 25 million dollars and 25 million acres around the railway for a CPR Syndicate to build it in 10 years Connects Canada to the west and makes movement of people and goods much easier

3) What problems did the construction of the CPR encounter? How were these problems solved? (Route change? William Van Horne? Budget 1883?) (Horizons – Chapter 5 – 198-201)
Money was a definite issue because the Syndicate asked for more money (almost double) or they weren’t going to get it done in time. They also changed the route instead of going through yellowhead pass it went through kicking horse pass.

Part 9:
1) Read about the Northwest Rebellion here (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/). What were the causes of the Northwest Rebellion?
Aboriginals Metis
Rising fear and insecurity of the western settlers, with the HBC slowing down they were now low on food with little help from Ottawa Louis riel was exiled and he was the Metis leader at the time, didn’t have enough food and the HBC was slowing down so they were starving with little help from Ottawa

2) Using the same article from above, complete the following:
Historical Figure Role in the Northwest Rebellion What happened to them after the Northwest Rebellion?
Gabriel Dumont Was a military commander in the northwest rebellion Sent back to USA and didn’t get much jail time
Big Bear Resisted moving his people onto a reserve, took Metis and non-Metis settlers hostage Was tried and sentenced to prison for 3 years along with pound maker
Poundmaker Military general who fought Was tried and sentenced to prison for 3 years along with Big Bear
Louis Riel Pushed for people to fight to have their grievances heard by Ottawa Was executed by hanging for high treason

3) Why do you think Canada’s response to the Metis was different during the Red River Rebellion and the Northwest Rebellion?
At first they were complaining for treaties and then they starting complaining after as well so they were less sympathetic

 

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Pitch Organizer
Part 1:
1) Complete the chart below (Horizons – Chapter 4 – pages 126-128):
Hudson’s Bay Company Northwest Company
How did it start? get a charter from Charles II 1670 Businessmen from Scotland and America make a lot of small trading businesses to compete against Hudson’s Bay Company
Where does it operate? Rupert’s land (the area around Hudson’s Bay Montreal to the pacific around Hudson’s bay
What was it like working for the company? Not a lot to do during the winter besides christmas Using rivers made for tough transport during the winter, more adventurous but possibly more dangerous, they also had to eat pemmican which sounds kind of disgusting
What are the advantages this company had over the other?
Explain why these are advantages Short turnaround for trading goods Trading ceremonies with aboriginals Got higher quality fur from trading with aboriginals directly.

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL) Robert Michael Ballantyne, 1879, Hudson’s Bay or everyday life in the wilds of North America
Quote/Image: “This company obtained a charter from Charles II”
Interpretation: The company was able to start because the king at the time
How might this affect a character or a plot? Maybe they want to become part of this new company, because of money issues or another issue
Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL) Robert Michael Ballantyne, 1879, Hudson’s Bay of everyday life in the wilds of North America
Quote/Image: “The soul right of trading in all the country watered by rivers flowing into Hudson Bay
Interpretation: They had the permits to create forts trading around Hudson’s Bay (Rupert’s Land)
How might this affect a character or a plot? If they were to start working for the Hudson’s Bay Company it would be in Rupert’s Land which was described as vast and forested

2) What do Voyageurs do and what was their life like (Horizons – Chapter 4 – page 120)?
They were the people who travelled to complete trades with the aboriginals

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL) Robert Michael Ballantyne, 1879, Hudson’s Bay of everyday life in the wilds of North America
Quote/Image: “The soul right of trading in all the country watered by rivers flowing into Hudson Bay
Interpretation: It basically indirectly said that there would be voyageurs because for anything to be traded there had to be
How might this affect a character or a plot? They might become a voyageur and take part In these trades

3) Complete the chart (Horizons – Chapter 4 – page 132):
How did Aboriginals contribute to the fur trade? They made the fur for the fur trade because it got them the supplies they needed to live, and they had furs a plenty so it wasn’t much spending for them
How did the fur trade affect Aboriginals? Positively and Negatively because it got them the supplies they needed for a time until the demand for fur went down their economy suffered

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL) Robert Michael Ballantyne, 1879, Hudson’s Bay of everyday life in the wilds of North America
Quote/Image: “The Charter also authorized them to build and fit out men-of-war, establish forts, prevent any other company from carrying on trade with Natives in their territories”
Interpretation: This proves and says that there was Natives trading with the Hudson’s Bay Company, which would have an impact on economy positively or negatively, because there is swapping of goods which means there is a monetary outcome no matter what.
How might this affect a character or a plot? This Character would have contact with Aboriginal People

4) In what ways were Aboriginal women vital to the fur trade? (Horizons – Chapter 4 – page 134)?
They were married off to fur traders to make trade ties, they also were path finders if they decided to go off route which made them the only reason this all worked or else it would probably be a monopoly , they also made clothes to help out the men in the harsh environment

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL) Robert Michael Ballantyne, 1879, Hudson’s Bay of everyday life in the wilds of North America
Quote/Image: “Even these are not very numerous and yet without them men would be in a sad condition, for they are the only tailors and washer-women in the country and make all the mittens, moccasins, fur caps, and deer skin coats worn in the country”
Interpretation: Well if the Men “would be sad without them” it means that Women were important to the men in the fur trade because they make the clothing that keeps the men warm and safe
How might this affect a character or a plot? He might Marry to a Native Women for the Clothes and to help out with his job

5) Describe the Metis and their society. How did they contribute to the fur trade? (Horizons – Chapter 4 – pages 138-140)?
The Metis were the offspring of aboriginal women and French Canadiens who settles around modern day Manitoba and Buffalo chasers would ride on horses and shoot them with muskets

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL) JJ. Hargrave, Red River, 1871
Quote/Image: “The autumn hunters start during the month of August, and remain on the prairie until the end of October, or early in November, when they usually return bringing the fresh or “green meat,” preserved at that late season by the extreme cold. Those hunters, of whom there are many who remain on the Plains during the whole winter, employ themselves in trapping the fur-bearing animals, and hunting the buffalo for their robes.”

Interpretation: It’s talking about the Buffalo Hunt clearly, not their culture how ever
How might this affect a character or a plot? The Offspring of our voyageur might live here considering his is half Canadien/Canadian, and Aboriginal

6) Use the space below to start brainstorming a sequence of events that incorporates all of the above into a story. Think about how one character may encounter or interact with all of the above.
He would start as a settler in Upper Canada and move to Hudson’s Bay to become a voyageur because he needs money and then he would meet a lot of Aboriginals and he would end up marrying one of their women for her to help with direction, and then their offspring would end up settling in modern day Manitoba as a Buffalo Hunter part of the Metis. In his job as a voyageur he found Adventure and excitement which was what he was always looking for

7) Create a sketch or find images that illustrates at least one aspect in #6:

Part 2:
1) Describe the push and pull factors of Irish immigration to Canada in the 1800s:
Push Factors (In Ireland) Pull Factors (Canada)
Landlords weren’t there and they kept subdividing their lots and made it hard to grow crops, and support a family, and if they can’t pay rent with crops they get evicted.
Landlords start kicking people off land even if they could pay, so that land for grazing would be created.
Not enough food, because of the potato famine, so because of the lack of housing and no food, workhouses came to Ireland but this didn’t fix the problem so they shipped in Corn from the states which again didn’t fix the problem, so Immigration to Canada started to come in The Landlords told the Irish that there was money and a house waiting for them (for the people getting on the boats) however this didn’t happen and was probably a trick so that they would have tenants

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

2) Describe the conditions on board coffin ships (Horizons – Chapter 2 – pages 57-58):
The conditions onboard these ships varied from societal class to societal class, for the poorer catholic Irish who were full Irish the conditions were worse because they could not afford to go with the Protestant Irish which came from Britain so they had a fair amount of money, cargo storage boats were often turned into a passenger ship and all the steerage class people would be in the places that used to hold cargo so you imagine it being cramped, in steerage they were forced to crap in buckets which would smell bad and commonly spill, which is disgusting

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

3) In what ways were the Irish accepted or not accepted in Canada?
Accepted Not Accepted
In lower Canada the Catholic Irish were accepted among the french because they were the same religion, and the protestant Irish (the ones that originally were from Britain) were more accepted under the inhabitants of upper Canada because of their wealthy Background, Heritage, and Religion The Catholic Irish were accepted by the French but they couldn’t speak their language which made it very hard for them to fit in in Canada and they couldn’t go to Upper Canada because they weren’t accepted by the British settlers because of them being poor and them being full Catholic which hadn’t been popular within the Brits for some time, on the other side of things the Protestants were mostly accepted besides in some parts of French Canada because of them being Catholic and the Protestant Irish being of British decent and another religion.

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

4) Use the space below to start brainstorming a sequence of events that incorporates all of the above into a story. Think about how one character may encounter or interact with all of the above.
So a Character is a Catholic Irish who is living in a plot of land that continually gets divided into smaller and smaller pieces to make more money for the land lord, this Character and his family heavily rely on crops, and most commonly potatoes because they are cheap and easy to grow, the potatoes are already hardly enough to support his family. Some time passes and then a potato killing virus came by that killed crops in just ten days which affected a majority of his crops and then he couldn’t pay rent with potatoes anymore so he was kicked off his land so he ended up digging his family a ditch which sheltered them for the time being but without food it was super hard to live so when he heard about workhouses coming to Ireland he ran out there every morning with his family to try to get picked up for the day to at least get some food in a day after a while Britain starting shipping in corn to feed the Irish but it wasn’t enough and soon he couldn’t handle trying to survive in Ireland so he decided to move to Canada on one of the Coffin Ships, He and his Family were placed in steerage, which was a really bad place to travel because the boats would rock during eating times and the food mostly consisted of soup and they had to crap in buckets in their sleeping quarters which would smell bad and often spill getting everyone dirty and gross, after weeks of this they got to a French Island where the Coffins Ships were inspected for People Infected with harmful disease, and a lot of people died on this island because they were quarantined with other sick people, anyway our character lost his son to this island because he ended up being sick, he later died on the island, once they got to Canada they had to learn French because the Catholic Irish weren’t accepted in upper Canada but they were in quebec. Seeking more money than he was earning he decided that a good way of making money was by joining the fur trade where he met a French Canadian veteran to the job who taught him and a black loyalists how to do it the ended up making a crew together and going out on each and every mission with those 3 plus some others to make the journey easier on themselves. He found what he wanted and more when he joined the Canadian Fur Trade, Money, Adventure and a happy life.

5) Create a sketch or find images that illustrates at least one aspect in #4:
Part 3:
1) Describe the push and pull factors of American slaves immigrating to Canada in the 1800s (Horizons – Chapter 2 – pages 60):
Push Factors (In America) Pull Factors (Canada)
They were worked super hard, Beaten and they didn’t get enough food a lot of the time, they weren’t paid for their labour, and they couldn’t choose to move so that made many many slaves want to leave Canada was the first colony to out law slavery and it was also neighbouring the USA so it isn’t far to come and they can be free, also if they came to Canada and fought in the Militia they would get land for free

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

2) Describe how slaves made it to Canada/free states (Horizons – Chapter 2 – pages 60-61):
They used a network of underground railways to reach Canada or the far northern part of the states which were called free states, They would walk hundreds of miles through the Tunnels, if they were caught they would be brutally punished. The escaping of these slaves was usually supported by the people in the Quaker and Methodists church because slavery was thought to be a sin in their churches

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

3) What was the Fugitive Slave Act and how did that affect the Underground Railroad?
It made it so that if anyone found a runaway slave they were supposed to be returned to their owner (this includes the free states), so if a slave had escaped to the free states of the USA and they were found out they would have to be escorted back to their owner, which meant that the tunnels were less used for the states and now even more used for Canada which would make them easier to catch in the tunnels because there are less they could go through.

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

4) In what ways were the Black immigrants accepted or not accepted in Canada?
Accepted Not Accepted
They were allowed to live there and own land, and basically do whatever the other ethnic groups could do.
They had a struggle getting into government and politics, they also faced heavy discrimination because of their ethnicity and they ended up making black communities in the communities they lived in to surround themselves with people who wouldn’t discriminate they also made communities made up fully of black loyalist immigrants.

Find a quote/image that confirms any of the above
Source:
(author, title, year written/published, URL)
Quote/Image:
Interpretation:
How might this affect a character or a plot?

5) Use the space below to start brainstorming a sequence of events that incorporates all of the above into a story. Think about how one character may encounter or interact with all of the above.
He was born into slavery and seeks nothing more than to be free and do what he wants when he wants to, when he catches wind of the underground railways he starts plotting his escape in his head and observing the movements of the guards to see when his opening to go and find the tunnels is, once the time comes he escapes seamlessly at night when they were supposed to be asleep, once he makes it to the railways he’s met with hardly any light, before he left he stole food and lighting to help him on his journey to Canada. A lot of time goes by walking through the tunnels until he finally sees light and he ran and ran until he came out at Canada and was greeted with kindness and nice people, but the kindness would go away soon as he moved into a colony, there he was greeted with nasty words, he was finally free so he didn’t make much of a fuss about it but over time it just kept getting worse and worse so he decided to go to join the fur trade where he wouldn’t be discriminated against by very many people and he thought maybe they wouldn’t discriminate against me at all, that ended up being a reality when he met a very nice French Canadian who had been doing his voyageur work for a very long time, he greeted him with open arms and started to teach him and a new Irish person how to do their job.

6) Create a sketch or find images that illustrates at least one aspect in #4:
Part 4: Video Discussion
1) What modern day events share some parallels with the fur trade? Explain the similarities.
2) How vital were Aboriginals to the fur trade? Who is more significant to the creation of our Canada today, the Aboriginals or the European fur traders?
3) Are push (from anywhere) and pull factors (to Canada) generally the same today as it was in the 1800s? Explain why or why not with reference to the Great Migration and the Underground Railroad.
4) Is Canada more accepting of immigrants today than it was in the 1800s? Explain how you know with reference to the Great Migration and the Underground Railroad.
5) How did the fur trade and immigration in the 1800s contribute to our identity today?

Part 5 – getting the story for your pitch
Discuss the following with your partner:
1) Create an overall goal (theme) for your main character that drives the movie/game idea.
eg: revenge, love, freedom, learning a valuable lesson, finding the truth, proving yourself, etc.
2) How could the goal of your character end up with her/him interacting with all 3 settings (fur trade, slave states, Ireland)? What would be the sequence? Where will the story start and end?
3) What conflicts will get in the way of your character achieving her/his goal? Where will these happen? Could the historical research you’ve done provide any conflicts?
4) How does your character achieve his/her goal?
5) How can you make the ending exciting and impactful?
6) How can you incorporate all the checklist items into the story to make it plausible or realistic?

Part 6 – what to present:
1) Hook your audience with the concept of the film/game – what makes it special?
2) Give the general plot:
a. Intro – How does the film/game start? How is your character’s goal set up?
b. Rising Action – What conflicts get in the way of your character achieving his/her goal?
c. Climax – How does the goal get achieved (or not)?
d. Falling Action/ Conclusion – How will you wrap up the film/game?
3) Explain how each checklist term will be incorporated into your film/game.
a. Provide images to help clarify your description
b. Explain why you’ve incorporated the term the way you did (reference your primary evidence)
4) Conclude with reminding the audience what is special about your idea.
*Remember, SELL your idea to the audience

Imagine 3 people of different races and with prejudice towards one another lost in the wilderness, starting out hating each other but learning to respect everyone’s past and more importantly them, 1800s Canada is the only place you could see that, this historically accurate story, (Mostly a fictitious story with facts about 3 things) includes a escaped slave named Jesper Wecksell who seeked freedom, a Catholic Irish named O’Brian who sought money and a french Canadian named Kenny Schrub who sought adventure, they all ended up finding themselves in the fur trade, but they didn’t like each other because of their heritage, Jean didn’t like all the Immigrants from Ireland and Slaves because he preferred to have just the French people, Jesper Wecksell didn’t like white people because he was put into slavery by the ones down south, and O’Brian didn’t wanna learn a new language to move to Canada so he just hated French people. Jesper Wecksell or JW as we’ll call him was a slave in South Carolina who had been planning to escape for a very very long time, he had recently heard about the underground railroad and he thought it was his chance to escape so at night and in the day he searched for a way to leave without being spotting he so he could get to the underground railroad before they noticed he was gone, he found the best way was to kill one guard that tended to have the best vision, of the area and if he were to kill him he could leave, that night he hides in the cotton fields until late night when all the lights in the house went off that’s when he crawled towards the bushes near by where the guard was, he waited until he wouldn’t be seen by the other guard and then he popped up and knifed him in the back after that he took the guards gun and ran to where he heard the railroad was located, once he found the cave he was greeted by a few other escaped slaves and they decided to journey together because it was too long a journey to go alone, once JW descended into the cave he finally felt somewhat free which was something that he’d never felt before and he knew that even if he got caught he would be happy that he finally felt freedom even if it was briefly, it was a super long way so they had to gather a lot of food to keep them nourished in the underground, about 20 miles into their journey they were all very very tired and had to sleep, but since they didn’t have very nice backpacks they couldn’t bring blankets and pillows so they soon realized that every night they would have to spend on the cold wet ground, one of JW’s buddy asked him “Do you think we’ll make it?” To which JW responded “I don’t know, but I know that dying in this tunnel is better than being a slave for the rest of my life, for me its freedom or die trying I’ll never go back to where I was, I’ll never forgive them for what they did to my family.” The next morning they woke up at around 5am and continued on, after the day before they felt like it was impossible to go any further, and they were so fatigued but they kept walking anyway, every day they had a benchmark of 20 miles so they could get there as fast and easy as possible, during their walk about 7 days into the tunnel JW’s buddy named Pasha Biceps asked him what they did to his family and JW responded with “I don’t know for sure but they killed them or at least I haven’t seen them for five years, I want to go back to Africa to see the remainder of my family and not be around all these racist white people but even in Canada they’ll never allow that, but at least I’ll be able to do what I want when I get there.” Pasha replied with “Damn, that’s some deep stuff my dude, I’ve only been a slave for a few years but I feel ya bro.” JW started reminiscing about the day that his parents were taken from him, it was a pretty normal day and JW was just coming in from the cotton fields and he was headed back to his shack where his and a few other families stayed his family had gone in a bit earlier but he didn’t think much of it until he arrived at his shack where he saw his parents badly beaten and being dragged off, that was the last time he ever saw his parents, according to the other families they had been sold to another plant or killed for breaking curfew and stealing extra food, all he could remember after that was crying and screaming and passing out on his twin mattress he shared with his brother. A few weeks later on about the 23rd day of walking they saw a light in the distance of the tunnel and they all yelled in happiness except for JW he didn’t see as much of a success he rather saw it as leaving the people he cared about back at the plantation. JW ended up trying to get a job in many different places but no one would ever hire him and they normally made remarks to do with his race and even though he was a free man he felt like everyone still looked down upon him but he still needed a job if he wanted to have a home, and that’s when he came across a flier that read about a job in the fur trade, and all you had to do was go there and you would get a home and training on how to do your job.

O’Brian started out as a middle class renter in the republic of Ireland, he had a family of 5 and he had an overall happy life, but then his land kept getting split in have the first time he didn’t really care because he still had more than enough space but then it happened another 3 times and then at this point he could hardly grow any crops to pay rent so he decided on potatoes because they were super easy to grow, but during the 1800s he started to notice a lot of his crops going rotten, he didn’t know why but at the time he didn’t worry too much because he knew that rotten crops happen, but then when he woke up the next morning he saw all his crops spoiled and untouchable, O’Brian immediately knew what this meant, so now along with not being able to feed his family he was unable to pay his rent. In the next O’Brian got kicked out of his house for not paying rent, knowing that he needed shelter O’Brian decided that to house his family of 5 he had to dig ditches to live in, so when they left they packed up any food they had left and a shovel, blankets and all the essentials they needed to survive. About a couple months went by and that was around the time Workhouses came to Ireland and everyone would line up to try to get in there because they would be paid and fed, every morning O’Brian spread his family out in different areas of the mob to try to have more of a chance to get in if they picked from one area of the mob, it was a hard life for them barely feeding themselves and really there was no way they could stay in Ireland so they made the decision to immigrate to Canada because they had farm land and it was a British Colony so they figured they would either be able to fit right in and get a job or they would be taken in by a richer family, so they saved their pennies until they finally had enough to go on one of these coffin ships which they knew would be bad but for a better life. The day came where they were boarding the ship and they got on with no problems, they were in steerage so when the got down there they saw shitty beds and buckets which they were told they had to “go” in. O’Brian and his family were disgusted by this but they had to suck it up to get to Canada the first day was all kind of a jumble of rules and timetables but once that was over it was dinner and then breakfast they thought they would at least get decent food to eat but they didn’t they just got watered down soup and then they had to go to their sleeping chambers for the rest of the evening. The first night on the boat O’Brian hardly slept because it smelt like crap, the boat was rocking and the beds were small and uncomfortable, the next couple weeks were kind of the same and not enjoyable whatsoever but once they got to a little island outside of Canada their boat had to be inspected for diseased people, they came on board from little canoes and took sick people to quarantine, once it got to O’Brian’s family his son was taken by a french man named jean and from then on he really hated the french. Once O’Brian reached Canada he quickly realized that the upper Canadian’s were protestant and really had no interest in even being kind to the Catholic Irish when they tried to find someone to stay with no one in Upper Canada would take them in and this is when they realized they had to go to Quebec O’Brian was reluctant but since he had no other choice he went anyway, because he needed a better life, than what he had in Ireland, so he went there but as he was walking into Quebec he saw a flier laying on the ground about the Fur Trade and getting a job and housing there and without thinking twice he went there
Kenny lived in Quebec during the Irish immigration and he was ok with everything happening because they had somewhat similar culture and he was happy to invite some Irish folk into his house because he understood that the condition back is Ireland was currently pretty awful, although he got kinda annoyed that his culture was shifting quite a bit because of the influx of Irish people but he tried to not get to upset with it, although it was hard for him not to, around this time he had been hearing about the fur trade and he had decided that was something he wanted to do, because he thought that travelling through all of Canada would be fun this did cause some complications for the family he had brought in because of the immigration, he ended up thinking about finding them a different host for the family so he could do what he wanted. Some weeks went by searching for a family, and by this point he was getting fed up with searching and he became very irritable because the family was blocking him from doing the things he wanted to do so he started growing a sort of hatred to the catholic Irish families even though he knew it was ridiculous to hate them and there was no blame that he could put on them. Most Irish families were already occupying someone who was willing to bring them in which also really started to annoy him and then the other people willing to bring them in didn’t have proper means to be able to host them, once he found someone who was capable of hosting his Irish family he broke the news to the family he was hosting and he was already packed up and leaving to the fur trade because he wanted the adventure.

When they all got to the fur trade they already kind of had problems with one another for the reasons that were explained in the above stories, so when they were trained and told to set out on their trade route they weren’t pleased that they were in a group together although they didn’t say anything, on the first day of their training they were taught how to row the York boats which was the main way of transportation for the Hudson’s bay company which was the one they all chose to join, they were also taught how to properly map so they could find their way through the routes to get to their destination, they were also taught what their trade rates were so they could get the best possible deal so they could earn more money in commission, on the day they set out for their first journey, it was smooth sailing it was a extensive walk to the water so they could get in their boats to get to their destination which was down in what is modern day Manitoba, they made it to the boats without any problems and a lot of people were talking on the way except JW, KennyS, and O’Brian who on the next day all ended up on the back of the boat because everyone who was making pals during their voyage took the front seats with their friends so they just decided they were better off in the back, the first day on the water was pretty smooth with just slight wind that wasn’t enough to put their sails up, they ended up landing on some rocks were they laid out tents to sleep in, the first night was incredibly uncomfortable because of the rocky terrain in Rupert’s land. During the night sleeping on the rocks hardly any of the voyageurs slept at all so the next morning they were tired and they were just rowing at a tired pace because most the people on the voyage were new and inexperienced which ended up being a problem because that day a rough storm hit and before they could find a place to stop the storm went up to a full swing and water became super rough and the trees along the shore began to sway and creak which made everyone in the boat feel uneasy because they could fall on them at any point, which ended up being exactly what happened, a tree came crashing down hard and split the boat in 2 halves killing 3-4 people leaving one half having the front people and the back having KennyS, JW, and O’Brian as the storm made the 2 halves go far apart leaving our 3 characters and the rest stranded far from each other, when Kenny, JW and O’Brian hit the shore they slammed their heads because of the wind and ended up passing out, when they woke up the storm had subsided and they only had limited food a couple maps and water, which wasn’t enough to last them 3 weeks, when they had recalled what happened they started to panic thinking that they would most likely die unless they were able to find their way to either civilization or back to where they came from, they started to argue about what they should do first, one saying that should head north, one saying we should figure out where we are, and one saying we should try to make fire to keep warm (It was early in the year making it pretty cold) they ended up getting angry at each other partly cause they thought they were right and partly cause of their differences in culture, this ended in JW talking over them saying “I know we dislike each other, I don’t like y’all either, but if we wanna survive we have to work together.” Kenny and O’Brian agreed that they should try to get along for at least the time being, they ended up deciding to get warm and look everything over on a map to see if they could find where they were going to go to get back to civilization or somewhere they could get help since they had no luck finding where they were on a map because of how large the river they were on was it was no help, so they decided to just head north after eating some pemmican to keep them energized during their walk, the compass they had did take a pretty hard hit so they weren’t 100% sure that it worked but they knew it was one of the only ways to get back, after a while they felt the weather get a little bit warmer and they had their suspicions they were going south but they didn’t sweat it too much because they knew that was a possibility, a few nights went by with cloud so they couldn’t just search for the north star to direct them so they just kept on their original route until eventually they found some huts that they immediately yelled in excitement because even if this wasn’t where they initially wanted to go it was at least somewhere they could stay and get help. As the village turned out it was actually their destination for fur trading, the aboriginals were disappointed but they felt as though it was better to take them in because they got lost and they have made trips before so they were loyal trading partners one of the families there ended up taking them in for a couple nights and they sent a messenger to the hudson’s bay company that some of their voyageurs were in an accident and that they’re safe with them, during the 2 weeks they had to wait for people to come they were taught aboriginal culture and Kenny started to like it and the Hostess that was their took a liking to him and he knew about aboriginal ladies helping out with pathfinding and he felt that could really help considering what had happened on their journey. During the two weeks there Kenny and the aboriginal who’s name was Juliano ended up getting married for the help with voyaging once they got back Kenny and Juliano had a kid who ended up being part of the Metis tribe in Manitoba who participated in the buffalo hunt which also helped with voyaging because it made Pemmican which was the main source of food in the fur trade because they needed non perishables and from then on Kenny, JW, O’Brian and Juliano were an inseparable team.
~Fin <—- Idk why I did that……..

BTW sorry for it being late, totally forgot to hand it in, also did you want me to do the primary source stuff or just read through, cause if you want me to I can do that, sorry, oh also just to clarify I did read through the stuff, again sorry did it on the friday then totally forgot to hand it in cause I was playing video games with friends after I did it, and only remembered it while doing my science work that I had to catch up on, sorry.

http://thecastle.artsteps.com/default.aspx

http://calum.artsteps.com/pages/editexhibition.aspx?exhibition=29767

http://jl2002.artsteps.com

Organizer:

Virtual Museum Exhibition – The Fight for North America – Organizer

Calum Ezra Josh but Ezra found a painting and did the perspective for the Treaty of Ghent and Josh defined the event and the significance.

The Seven Years War (Chapter 2 – Crossroads)
Part 1:
1) Set up a Google Drive, Dropbox, One Drive, or any other cloud based folder for the group and make sure each group member can access it. This is where you will store the images you find.
2) Save this file to your shared folder and ensure all members can edit it.
Optional: Create a table of contents to make the document easier to navigate
3) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
4) Complete the information below:
War of the Grand Alliance (Crossroads page 56)
Title: New England’s Mournful decade
Artist:
Date: February night 1690
Define the event, place or person: it was a war of a grand alliance because Austria England and some other places in Europe joined sides to battle the French because the French are very rich
Significance: it was a war between New England and New France in North America and it was to get more territory and expand to get more resources to make money
Perspective: New France

War of the Spanish Succession (Crossroads page 56)
Title: Louisbourg Nouvelle Ecosse
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1720
Define the event, place or person: New England took Acadia except for cape Breton so the French decided to make a fortress to block the English from going through the St Lawrence river and attacking Quebec. the war of Spanish succession was because there was 2 heirs to the throne of France in Charles II’s will, one was French and one was British and since the countries were enemies at the time so they fought over the Spanish throne.
Significance: Guarded Quebec and the French northern territory because of Britain’s success on port royal, Who ever won the war in Europe basically got the throne to Spain and Spain was a very powerful ally to have so both Britain and France wanted that badly, but France needed it more so I’m glad that the French got overall win because they were able to obtain the Spanish Throne
Perspective: French, Because it is a scene of a strong french fortress

War of the Austrian Succession (Crossroads page 57)
Title: Siege of Louisbourg
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1745
Define the event, place or person: the foces was on Austria and Spain, but Britain and France have been alliance with thoughs to different countries so that ment that Britain and France had to choose aside to fight with and it just so happened that they fought against each other again. In 1775, Britain was on their way to Louisbourg to go against the French. Once the British got to Louisbourg, the British surrounded the French, which lead them to winning against the French.
Significance: Britain and France had chosen to fight against each other again in a different war. At Louisbourg, the British got there and defeated the French and was able to control Louisbourg too.
Perspective: British

Part 2:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Death of Jumonville/ Battle at Fort Necessity
Title: The ‘Assassination’ of Jumonville
Artist: Illustration from Alexandre Dumas
Date: 1855
Define the event, place or person: Jumonville was going to friendly give a letter to George Washington but being an officer with little experience he thought it was an ambush so he gathered a few troops to go and attack Jumonville’s squad and killed them
Research sources:
Significance: it in some ways started the war because when the French heard that Jumonville was killed they wanted to get revenge hence the battle of fort necessity
Perspective: French

The Acadian Expulsion (Crossroads page 58-59)
Title: Expulsion of the Acadians
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1755
Define the event, place or person: The Acadian Expulsion was the expulsion of the frenchies from Acadia because of George Washington fighting at fort duqsuene and causing the French to take out George’s squad, so George Washington started this and hence is a bad person… And the British are human scum for kicking out the innocent French.
Significance: They literally kicked civilians with no intent for harm out of their homes because they thought with conflict in another part of the continent that meant that the French would try to rebel which makes no sense because how are they gonna fight your army of triple the size of theirs so this basically sparked the war because the French rightfully said no this is bs and you’re just so scummy in fighting so we’re gonna fight you in the worst way possible
Perspective: French, Because they were shown being brutally treated, probably to show that the Brits are bad

Louisbourg 1758 (Crossroads page 63)
Title: The Siege of Louisbourg
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1758
Define the event, place or person: The ships that are in the painting are French ships, though the British took over the French ships, one of them they let on fire and the British are taking over the other ship, most of the small boats surrounding the ships are the British.
Significance: The significance of this painting and battle is that the British destroyed the French, and because they destroyed the French they didn’t let them take over the town of Louisbourg.
Perspective: French

Siege of Quebec/ Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Crossroads page 63-67)
Title: Plains Of
Artist: Hervey Smyth
Date:1797
Define the event, place or person: it was a battle to see who would take over Canada and there were a lot of troops that where there on both sides the French where in the middle of the field and the English where closest to the water but the English also found a path going up behind the place where the French where and they attacked from both sides. The battle ended in 15 minutes and England won
Significance: this battle it the reason that most of Canada speaks English because the English won the war. The battle ended in fifteen minutes but both Wolfe and Montcalm both died in this battle and there are many paintings
Perspective: English

Part 3:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Treaty of Paris (Crossroads page 71)
Title: Treaty of Paris, 1763
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1763
Define the event, place or person: The treaty of Paris gave up the entirety of new France to Britain after the seven years war and created more freedom because french can leave or stay giving them a choice of where to live, I mean the British are still very scummy but they at least have some common sense.
Significance: The treaty of Paris gave up the entirety of new France which is modern day Canada so if they were to win we’d speak more french and probably smoke and eat baguettes more. This also gave Britain more power over in North America and made it so it was just the spaniards and Brits in North America
Perspective:

Pontiac Rebellion (Crossroads page 72)
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1764
Define the event, place or person: The Aboriginals took over Fort Detroit, though the Aboriginals didn’t use the fort, they burnt it instead. The Aboriginals that are in the front of the painting, are relaxing knowing that that battle is over and are going to celebrate
Significance: The significance of this painting is that the Aboriginals are no there to play but to win.
Perspective: Aboriginal

Royal Proclamation (Crossroads page 73)
Title: A Proclamation
Artist: George R.
Date: 1763
Define the event, place or person: it created the new government in Canada, they changed the official language to English, also no Catholics could hold public office, French people did not like this rule, only the British government can buy land from the aboriginals, it is also really important to us today because these laws still apply to us
Significance: it was what they thought would be a solution to all problems but by changing one law you cause a problem with another law and they realized that it could potentially lead to a civil war.
Perspective: English

Quebec Act (Crossroads page 74)
Title: Quebec Act
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1774
Define the event, place or person: The British decided to take away some of the French’s rights, many people were not happy for a while.
Significance: The significance of this event is that later on the French got what they lost and their land was made bigger.
Perspective:

Part 4:
1) Create a video discussion of the significance of the Seven Years War using the events you researched above. (10-15min)
Consider:
a. What are the benefits and drawbacks of imperialism?
b. Evaluate Britain’s treatment of the French after taking control of New France.
c. Evaluate Britain’s treatment of the Aboriginals after taking control of New France.
d. Which parts of this war have the greatest impact on Canada today?
e. How are the events of this war part of creating Canadian identity today?

The American Revolution (Chapter 5 – Crossroads)
Part 1:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Sugar Act (Crossroads page 164)
Title: Antisaccilarrites
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1764
Define the event, place or person: The Sugar Act actually lowered tax but it gave Britain more powers to enforce it. Indirect tax, many merchants had to pay the tax that was passed down to the consumers, it also included wine and coffee. Only the rich could afford sugar, which means Britain made most of the profit. Because of this tax on sugar, many smugglers now had to raise the price of sugar.
Significance: The significance of this event was that it lowered taxes on sugar but Britain made most of the profit, which let Britain enforce more power. Only the rich could afford sugar, the 13 colonies had no say in making this tax but the tax go towards them and the y need to pay. Because of this law there were a lot of smugglers and smugglers had to raise the price on sugar too.
Perspective: 13 colonies

Stamp Act (Crossroads page 164)
Title: Stamp Act
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1764
Define the event, place or person: The stamp act was a tax on paper goods, everyone had to pay in sterling not in written notes (bills.) And the 13 colonies, had no say in this tax. Then in 1765, 27 delegates from 9 colonies came together in New York City and drew up a statement of rights and grievance; brought colonies together opposites to Britain.
Significance: The significance of this event is that before, Britain had a tax on paper, then 9 colonies met in New York City and wrote a statement saying that they want to band the Stamp act. Then Britain listened to them and Britain band the Stamp act, Britain wasn’t happy but it happened.
Perspective: American, because the American is in the middle being, has feathers all over him and British men are surrounding him and making him choke on tea.

Boston Massacre (Crossroads page 165)
Title: Boston Massacre 1770
Artist: Paul Revere
Date: 1770
Define the event, place or person: Britain soldiers came in to Boston to protect from smuggling, the colonists and British called each other names, which lead to the British killing 5 people, this started as a protest from the Americans over the British soldiers coming to Boston to watch over the Americans to make sure they don’t do anything illegal which definitely made the Bostonians uncomfortable because they were treated like they were guilty of committing crimes even if they hadn’t done anything illegal in their entire lives.
Significance: Got a lot of Americans really mad at the damn Brits and fuelled their hatred for them even more than it already was, partly because of propaganda, but overall it was still them being incredibly mad with having no say in politics and laws that affect them and this just made America more and more mad until they snapped and decided that throwing tea of boats was a good protest.
Perspective: American, Because the look helpless against the “British Brutality”

Boston Tea Party (Crossroads page 166)
Title: Boston Tea Party 1773
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1773
Define the event, place or person: A bunch of Bostonians dressed up as aboriginals got on boats and threw tea off of them as a protest for being forced to buy tea from the British East India Company, this was supposed to protest Britain and them making laws that make them pay more and only benefit Britain and so the Americans got really pissed, about the laws and the Boston Massacre so they threw 18,000 dollars’ worth of tea of a ship.
Significance: To make a statement to England about them not being happy with all the new acts, which included higher prices and extra taxes, also one making them have to house Soldiers, The Brits are scum.
Perspective: American, because the picture kind of glorifies them throwing tea off of a boat

Intolerable Acts (Crossroads page 167)
Title: the five Coercive Acts of 1774
Artist: unknown
Date: 1774
Define the event, place or person: the intolerable act was five laws that happened because of the Boston tea party, when the people of Boston throw all the crates of tea shipped from England into the water and the British soldiers let them until the Intolerable act. It was there punishment for the Boston tea party and was a cruel time
Significance: its significant was that many people were tortured for the Boston tea party which most did not participate it is important because it made the leaders of the 13 colonies get together and talk about the problem at hand, hence the First Continental congress
Perspective: American because it shows a women getting abused and the men around her putting tea down her through and it is a painting to try and show the cruelty of the British towards the Americans

First Continental Congress (Crossroads page 168)
Title: the coat of arms logo
Artist: William Jennings Bryan
Date:1908
Define the event, place or person: it was a meeting of debates between twelve of the thirteen colonial leaders the meeting was heled at carpenters hall Philadelphia they said that they would not buy any British goods and they would protested
Significance: the significance of this is that it changed the way that the British thought of the Americans and it told the British that the Americans want independents and better laws . This was a huge step in the American revolution and this is why we now so much of it today
Perspective: English, because the artists name is an English name and most of the writing is in English also it shows a very peaceful evening and sunny but in recorded date it says that it was October the start of winter

Part 2:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Lexington & Concord 1775
Title: The Battle of Lexington, The Battle of Concord
Artist: Unknown
Date: Lexington-1775, Concord-1775
Define the event, place or person: The Battle of Lexington was that the Americans formed up in the middle of the village (Lexington.) early in the morning and then Paul Revere came to the town and told everyone that the British are coming, then the Americans were soon waiting for the British. Once the British came to Lexington, the Americans didn’t stand a chance because they were not organized the British were and the British had greater numbers in men. One of the British officers yelled at the Americans to leave before they get hurt, the Americans were trying hard not to fire first, then someone either the British or the Americans decided to fire, the rest of the Americans that were not killed or hurt went running away and the British moved forward to Concord. The Battle of Concord was that the Americans had been supplied with military weapons and were getting ready to fight the British. The center of the battle was over a bridge, many British soldiers marched over the bridge and died, many British soldiers went over the river and also got fired and got killed by the Americans. This battle, the British didn’t stand a chance. The British soon retreated, little did they know the road they needed to take to go back to Boston was full of Americans hiding in the woods ready to fire upon the British.
Research sources: Mr. Chan’s Power point.
Significance: The significance of The Battle of Lexington was that this battle echoed around the world, by this I mean that this battle was heard from all around the world and the same question always appears “who fired first?” The significance of The Battle of Concord was that the Americans won that battle and because they won this huge battle it gave them tons of confidence.
Perspective: Lexington, the perspective was American because it shows how badly they lost towards the British, mostly because the British had more men, more organized and the Americans were not trained and there was not a lot of them. Concord, the perspective is Americans because it shows that they are doing well and have the advantage., of more men and they are a bit more organized.

Bunker Hill 1775
Title: The Death of General Warren-The Battle of Bunker Hill
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1775
Define the event, place or person: After The Battle of Concord, the British returned back to Boston and tried to take over the harbored (Bunker Hill.) Because the British are protecting the harbored, that means the British will have a better way of attacking incoming ships willing to fight. Though the Colonies weren’t happy about hearing that the British took over the harbored over night. When the British were under William Howe, they had a hard time trying to get up the hill to attack the Americans. At the end of the battle, the British win by another 1000 men. Though the Americans gained a lot of confidence because the Americans were not easily taken.
Research sources: Mr. Chan’s Power point.
Significance: The significance of this event is that the Americans are getting better in their military, though the British have taken over the harbored so the British do have a huge advantage.
Perspective: The perspective of this painting is the Americans, because their General, General Warren had been killed in the line of duty, many soldier are surrounding him before the British come and finish him off.

Battle of Brooklyn 1776
Title: The Delaware Regiment at the Battle of Long Island.
Artist: Dominick D’Andrea
Date: August 27, 1776
Define the event, place or person: the battle of Brooklyn was the first major battle of the American revolutionary war to take place after the United States declared its independence on July 4, 1776 to make it official. Washington wanted to bring troops to Brooklyn and then they lost then the battle but Washington escapes and the battle for independence continued on until they got independence
Research sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island
Significance: it helped the Americans take a step forward in what they were fighting for and even though they lost they were now an established army and if they were capture they would be considered a prisoner of war
Perspective: American because it shows America as this well put together army with uniforms bet they were probably not as well equipped as that but there is a possibility
Washington Crosses the Delaware 1776
Title: Washington Crossing the Delaware
Artist: Emanuel Leutze
Date: 1851
Define the event, place or person: This battle was very important to Washington, not just because he lost most of his battles against Britain but all his men signed a form saying that they would leave his army at the end of the year. So Washington thought that most of the British troops would be drunk after partying all night long and asleep. So Washington brought all his men threw the Delaware, though only 2,400 men made it through the Delaware and 3,000 of his men couldn’t because it was too hard to navigate through. After Washington beat mercenaries while they were asleep and drunk, then Washington had to leave too, because he didn’t have enough men to protect Trenton
Research sources: Mr. Chan’s Power point.
Significance: The significance of this battle was that most of Washington’s men chose to stay after one of few victories and because they won another battle they gained more confidence.
Perspective: American, because it shows how great George Washington is standing on the boat very confident while his men row threw the huge chunks of ice.

Battle of the Brandywine 1777
Title: Causes of the French Revolution
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1777
Define the event, place or person: General Howe for the Brits with 15,000 men fought George Washington’s 11,000 men and he had to fall back to Philadelphia, Howe wins however he leaves new York unguarded and is stuck near Philadelphia, Washington survives and is able to fight again, With New York less defended it helps the Americans in the battle of Saratoga
Research sources:
Significance: Left a lot of British soldiers in Philadelphia which made it so much easier in the battle of Saratoga which got the french to support their war which lead to them winning so without the Brandywine battle the Americans would probably not win the war
Perspective: British, Because the British won this battle, though it actually cause them to lose the war

Battle of Saratoga 1777
Title: Battle of Saratoga Surrender
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1777
Define the event, place or person: John Burgoyne was supposed to meet up with Howe but gets overpowered since he has no help which won the Americans the battle which over all got the french to fund their revolutionary war and help with fighting the navy, George took New York back relatively easily because there was a lack of British troops there
Research sources: Mr. Chan’s powerpoint
Significance: Winning the battle got the french to fund their fight against Britain which they may have lost without the french helping considering they were the 2 world powers at the time and winning the battle of Saratoga proved that they could stand up to this British army which was the biggest army in the world
Perspective: American, because they had just won the battle

Battle of Yorktown 1781
Title: Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
Artist: John Trumbull
Date: 1820
Define the event, place or person: 14000+5000 American attackers vs Trained British defending Soldiers, the Americans continue to rush and break through the British defences and beat them in battle with their bayonets up close, Cornwallis was the British general
Research sources:
Significance: The British were now seriously peace negotiating because they were losing the war and were losing battle after battle, also one of the biggest generals, Cornwallis surrendered and then the treaty of Paris 1783 which basically gave Americans the territory and the British were given the Option of becoming American
Perspective: American, Because the British basically lost the revolutionary war at this point because Cornwallis surrendered York Town, which was where the majority of the British troops were stationed.

Part 3:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Declaration of Independence 1776 (Crossroads page 175)
Title: capitol rotunda
Artist: Unknown
cC
Define the event, place or person: The Declaration of Independence is what made USA their own country in their eyes and was also what put the revolutionary war in full swing which made other countries like Britain view them as their own country when they beat them in the revolutionary war, then because of it France took them seriously and helped them in the revolutionary war which was probably the only reason they won the revolutionary war. It was since by the continental congress, which included people like Thomas Jefferson and George Washington and Benjamin Franklin
Significance: Even in Canada the Declaration of Independence has significance because freedom and equality, the right to legal representation and protection, safety against crime, all came from the Declaration of Independence, in the USA it was what “declared” them their own country because they were a part of Britain before, this also fuelled the American revolution, which is what officially made them a country in the eyes of Britain. And the American revolution brought Black and British supporting people to Canada(which was not yet a country)
Perspective: American because it was an agreement giving some of the land that belonged to the Brits to the Americans because they won a war

Loyalists (Crossroads page
Title: The Savages let Loose or the Cruel fate of the Loyalist
Artist: William Mumphrey
Date: 1783
Define the event, place or person: After Britain was separated from America, some Americans weren’t happy under American law’s and were fine being under the British empire, so Britain aloud Americans to go to the closest land that is controlled by the British. Which is Canada. Though many people didn’t spread all around the British territory, they mostly grouped up around the Great Lakes of Ontario and Nova Scotia, when they would all get together and would set up camp, wouldn’t see building right away, you would just see camps around the Great Lakes and Nova Scotia. Then when the British had many wars over time, they also told the slaves that if they fight for the British, the British will give them land and freedom.
Significance: The significance of this event is that if there were Americans that were okay under the British Empire, they would be able to leave America and live in Upper Canada under British control, many Loyalist would move to York (Toronto) and Nova Scotia.
Perspective: British, because it shows that the Americans are like Savages and the Savages are killing and hurting the British.

Constitutional Act 1791 (Crossroads page 184)
Title: Constitution ratified 1789
Artist: Matt Drew L, and Mark G
Date: 1789
Define the event, place or person: Britain was trying to make sure that they like where they stay. It also has a lot to do with the forming of Canada. It is also one step into the system of government but there where restrictions to who could vote you had to be a male and you had to own land. There is a chat the shows king the highest power controls the parliament then they appoint the guvnor general then they appoint the lieutenant governor then the appoint the executive council and the lenitive counsel. This system was not a very good system because if all the citizens wanted something but the king disagreed with it they would not do it.
Significance: the American revolution was In many ways a big part of forming Canada because the Canadians where not independent and where still controlled by the British and so the loyalists that did not like the decisions of the Americans could come to Canada or cape Briton also the black people
Perspective: American, because it shows the colonies trying to come together and were trying their est separate from Britain because they thought Britain’s Government because they thought their Government was not fair and was out of date.

Part 4:
1) Create a video discussion of the significance of the American Revolution using the events you researched above. (10-15min)
Consider:
a. Was this revolution truly democratic? It was because it was representatives that signed the declaration of independence
b. Should this event be labelled a rebellion or a revolution? When is defying/fighting your government ever justified? Is it different in Canada vs other countries?
I think that it is a revo
c. What benefits and drawbacks in your life can you attribute to America’s Independence?
d. Which parts of this war have the greatest impact on Canada today?
e. How was this war part of creating Canadian and American identity today?

War of 1812 (Chapter 9 – Crossroads)
Part 1:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Life in Upper Canada (Crossroads page 296)
Title: Queenston, Ontario
Artist: Edward Walsh
Date: 1807
Define the event, place or person: American immigrants came from the US after the revolutionary war because they wanted to be a part of the British empire, Immigrants and freed slaves were granted free land which they could live in, Life in upper Canada was lonely because of the small population so most the time you’d be alone or with 2 or 3 other people. When getting the land it was just land with no structure or anything so you would have to clear the land before building on top of it, upper Canada was also the first country to out law slavery completely, pre-existing slaves were freed once they reached age 25, and slaves escaping from the USA would come to Canada to be freed. British citizens would not come to Canada very much because of how small the population is and how it’s basically like being out in the wild so British people from Europe wouldn’t come to Canada due to its low population. For more specific numbers there was 425,000 people in Canada versus 6,000,000 in America, Also people from America went to Canada for farmland because it was taken in the USA. The Brits gave away 81 hectares of land to the loyalists but saved the best lands for the Clergy and Crowns.
Significance: Due to having a low population and plentiful resources untapped, it makes US attacking Canada a good option also around this time there has been embargoes over in Europe which excluded Britain who decided to block off European trades with America and since Canada is a British Colony America can take Canada and it’s resources to sustain itself and start to destroy Britain. So it definitely makes sense for US to attack Canada. Also another importance of Canada is Britain wanting to keep their share in North America which previously included America. The Brits gave away land to any loyalists who came because they want people so they can keep their share of North America.
Perspective: British, Because it is a scene of BNA

Continental System (Crossroads page 301)
Title: HMS Leopard vs USS Chesapeake
Artist: Unknown
Date:1807
Define the event, place or person: The Continental system stemmed from the British trying to screw up trade with each others country so this was napoleon with all the other countries in Europe not trading with Britain, how Britain responded is by using their navy to block trade with America, France and Spain ended up using their navies to try to destroy the British ships who at the time “owned the Atlantic”, this didn’t work so they couldn’t enforce the continental system and therefore trade started to continue between the European countries without excluded Britain. During the time where the continental system was going British ships we’re boarding US ships in the Atlantic to try to find deserters of the British Navy, a famous example of this is Leopard vs Chesapeake where the British Leopard’s crew boarded the USS Chesapeake and took 5 officers thought to be deserters but 4 of them ended up being US navy and not deserters, really makes the Brits look like the bad guy, which they were.
Significance: The significance of the continental system is that for a short period of time Britain had most their trade partners gone but that really didn’t affect them because they were able to embargo American trade, so this affected the Americans the most being a relatively new country and all, to try to screw over Britain, America refused to trade with them even though it meant that their economy would go down the toilet, of course the boarding were another result of this embargo because American ships would be stopped trying to access Europe to trade.
Perspective: Unbiased, Because it looks like a scene that is before the event took place which ended out being a boarding but it doesn’t make any ship look any less glorious, maybe the Gold on the Leopard might make it look cooler, but I don’t know.

Manifest Destiny (Crossroads page 302)
Title: Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
Artist: Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze
Date: 1862
Define the event, place or person: manifest destiny was the idea that was a popular belief in the northern united states. It was the belief that America was destine to expand and get bigger. They also believed that having a few leaders more like governments was better than having a king and queen ruling the land most people in America at the time believed in manifest. Many people believed that it was a sense of continentalism in and outside of the united states. John L. Sullivan was a strong believer in manifest destiny he also was an American columnist and editor who used the term “manifest destiny” in 1845 to promote the annexation and the organ country to the United States. He also wanted the state of Texas to be part of the union and some leaders disagreed because of potential war with Mexico
Significance: the manifest destiny was the main reason that Texas and the big trade with the French to get all the middle states because when they were of sale because of Spain’s dept. and the Americans didn’t want to be trapped by the British
Perspective: American because it shows many people heading to the west to spread America and make it bigger. It also show first nations leaving because to Americans they were thought of as savages an un civil people.

War Hawks (Crossroads page 304)
Title: American Progress
Artist: John Gast
Date: 1810
Define the event, place or person: American politics thought that America’s economy was damaged by Britain, so a group of people that were formed after the American Revolution, they were called the War Hawks and they thought that America needed more land. Harrison was the governor of Indiana for 12 years and then so became the president of the United States. One of Harrisons tasks were to make treaties with the First Nations for land. This treaty made the Americans pay $500.00 to each First Nation willing to trade 1.2 million hectares. Many First Nation and Americans said that this is a great deal. Though Tecumseh thought it was a horrible deal and that the First Nations were getting ripped off and that the Americans just wanted land.
Significance: The significance of this event was that the Americans were getting more land from the First Nations and were being more developed then the First Nations, many Americans and First Nations thought the deal that the Americans were giving them was good but Tecumseh thought other wise.
Perspective: Americans because it shows that the First Nations are trying to kill Harrison because they are trying to take their land.

Tecumseh & the Battle of Tippecanoe (Crossroads page 304)
Title: Genl. Harrison & Tecumseh
Artist: John Reuben Chapin
Date: 1810
Define the event, place or person: Tecumseh decided to travel south and convince others to form an alliance with other First Nations that the Americans are ripping them off and they should fight back and take back their land. So, on the night of November 7 Tecumseh chose to attack the Americans, though the Americans won and lost a lot of men. Then Tecumseh realized that the only way he could get an independent First Nation colony, he would need to move up north and create an alliance with British Canada. This battle was the start of the war of 1812.
Significance: The significance of this was that Tecumseh thought that the Americans just wanted they land, which they did. So Tecumseh chose to fight back against the Americans, though they First Nation did lose, Tecumseh realized that if he was an independent First Nation colony, they would need to move up north and create and alliance with British Canada.
Perspective: American because it shows that Tecumseh trying to kill Harrison for what ever he has tried to do.

Part 2:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.
2) Complete the information below:
Isaac Brock (Crossroads page 309)
Title: Major General Isaac Brock
Artist: J.W.L Forster
Date: 1812
Define the event, place or person: Isaac Brock was a military general who is very important to Canadian history, Because he stopped the attacks on Upper Canada and took Detroit at the same time and then he died in Queenston Heights October, 1812 in the next battle, the British did defend themselves so as a military leader Brock had 3 wins- 0 losses and taking Detroit was a really smart plan and kind of the first time good strategy had been brought in, but back then war was really stupid and they would just walk in lines towards the enemies rather than shooting.
Significance: Brock won a very important battle that he should have lost had he not cut off the supply chains to Detroit, since they were outnumbered cutting off supply and attacking from the south made the battle infinitely easier because now they have the element of surprise so they were able to use less numbers and take Detroit (A major American city) while defending upper Canada this helped out majorly because it stalled a lot of time because the Americans had to work around the fact that they no longer had Detroit so that gave a lot of time for the Brits to beat Napoleon and come to help the Canadians, So the significance of Isaac Brock was huge because he was able to defend Queenston Heights as well stalling out even more time, even though he died in that battle.
Perspective: British, He was a British General

Battle of Detroit (Crossroads page 310)
Title: Surrender of hull
Artist: d’Augustus Robin
Date: 1905
Define the event, place or person: The Battle of Detroit stalled the American advances because Isaac Brock and the British army were able to take Detroit while defending upper Canada, how they did that is by cutting off supply lines that came from the south giving them position and advantage even though they had less numbers, another interesting thing is that in the painting I chose American General Hull looks to be in disbelief because of how the British were the underdogs to win that battle.
Significance: This battle held back the American advances and bought time for the British in Europe to finish fighting Bonaparte before they came and helped out the American and over all forced a surrender from them, they also burned down the White House which is pretty cool but if they hadn’t won at Detroit the Americans could have moved up into lower Canada from upper Canada and that would have been the war over right then and there making it so we would be American right now and that just makes me sad cause then I would have Trump as a president right now, so if they hadn’t won.
Perspective: British, American General Hull looks sad and it is a known fact that the Brits won the battle

Queenston Heights (Crossroads page 311)
Title: The Battle of Queenston Heights
Artist: John David Kelly
Date: 1896
Define the event, place or person: Over near Niagara Falls the battle of Queenston Heights was happening 1812. The Americans thought they would regain confidence in the war by going against the British in this battle. Isaac Brock didn’t think that the Americans would plan an attack since their army and the troop are disorganized. Later on Isaac Brock ran back to the other side of Queenston Heights and lead the attack. Though in the line of fire, Isaac Brock was shot above the heart and then soon died. The Mohawks (Aboriginals.) were holding the fort against the Americans so they didn’t get in. Soon after the British send in more troops to make the Americans surrender. Then Americans needed more troops to help them in the battle but the Americans couldn’t cross over to Upper Canada.
Significance: The significance of this event was that the Americans thought this battle would be easy and that they would regain their confidence, which they did not. Instead, the British won, the American soldiers were not as organized and just ran into battle. In the line of fire, Isaac Brock was shot above the heart and died very quickly.
Perspective: British, because it shows that the Americans are disorganized and are all over the place.

Battle of York (Crossroads page 313)
Title: Death of General Zebulon Pike
Artist: Unknown
Date: 1813
Define the event, place or person: In 1813, Americans sent 16 ships of troops across Lake Ontario to York. (Now know as Toronto.) When they soon arrived they out numbered the British soldier 1,700 to 700. Later on Sir Roger Shealffe (Who won at Queenston.) retreats from the battle and leave to meet military officer to negotiate peace with the Americans. Shealffe soon comes back to the battle and order all British soldier to blow up all magazines (Ammunition for weapons.) The British soldier soon light up all the magazines. But because they exploded the magazines, they didn’t know that it will blow up the whole fort. In the end, the explosion killed 40 American soldiers, Americans needed a win because of all the other loses, so this counted as an American win. Though the Americans could not stay because there is nothing there, it all blew up!
Significance: The significance of this event is that the Americans won the fight but the British soldiers were ordered to blow up their ammunition inside the fort and run away. By blow up their magazines they blew up Fort York. And so this is a American win.
Perspective: American, because it shows them going up to Fort York for victory and General Zebulon Pike passing away in the middle of the battle because he got shot.

Beaver Dams & Laura Secord
Title: no title
Artist: George Bryce
Date: 1907
Define the event, place or person: this women is considered a Canadian hero. She was British or Canadian but she had to shelter the soldiers of America because of the quarter act. What she did was she overheard the soldiers talking about plans to for their next attack on the British in beaver dam. Around the time that she heard this she escaped her house and got out side. There were a lot of soldiers around her so her escape was very difficult. When she got out she ran into some first nations and she asked them if they could take her to beaver dam and talk to their General. She warned the general and he sent the first nations allies to attack the Americans from behind. In the end the Americans retreated and the British won
Research sources:
Significance: the significance of this is that Laura Secord was a woman that put the British at an advantage and boosted their confidence. She also made the Americans regret trying to take over Canada.
Perspective: her husband or relative that is an artist that drew her because maybe she asked

Battle of Chateauguay (Crossroads page 314)
Title: The Battle of Châteauguay
Artist: E.H. de Holmfield
Date: unknown
Define the event, place or person: this was a small battle fought behind tree but an important battle. The Americans decided that it would be a good strategy to send some troops to attack the Canadians from behind. Since the where not familiar with the area they got lost and came back. When they eventually attacked the English they were disorganized. This war was really important creating nationalism. The American plan was to take over lower Canada but British troops did know about this plan and they allied with the French and there militia. This in the end was considered a British win, wade Hampton ordered his squad to with draw and retreat.
Significance: the significance of the battle of Chateauguay was that it determined the future of Canada and it united the English and the French and I made America respect Canada more and take the seriously and not just as a bunch of territory that they can expand on to make America bigger. It also formed the culture we have today
Perspective: English because the English side does not have many people dead and the people lining up to go into battle are stocky and big to make British troops look strong

Burning of the Whitehouse (Crossroads page 316)
Title: The Burning of the White House
Artist: Thomas Ruckle
Date: 1814
Define the event, place or person: While the war of 1812 is going on in North America, Britain is still fighting against Napoleon, soon after, Napoleon surrenders and that war between Napoleon and Britain was over. Since that war ended, Britain was able to send 4,000 troops over to North America. Over in Washington, Washington was not at all heavily defended, mostly because the Americans thought that the British would attack at Baltimore. Little did they know that British soldiers were being shipped from Britain because the war was over there. 4,500 British troops land near Benedict and Maryland, when they landed, they had no little resistance so the British soldiers moved forward. Getting closer to Washington the British were stopped by 7,000 Americans soldiers at Bladensburg, many of the American soldiers were not experienced and were not organized, so it was easy to defeat the Americans and move on to Washington. Over in Washington at the White House, the president of the United States (James Madison) left the White House for his safety and his wives safety too. Soon after the President leave the British come to Washington and burn down the White House.
Research sources: Mr. Chan’s PowerPoint
Significance: The significance of this event is that Britain was able to send over troops left over from the 10 year war with Napoleon, and Americas defense was horrible which was no problem for the British troops and they were soon able to move on to Washington to burn down the White House in relation for the battle of York.
Perspective: American, because it shows that the British have burned down the town and all of the Americans are doing is freaking out and hoping not to die.

Part 3:
1) Find high resolution images of artwork about the topics below, save the images to the shared folder and rename them with the title of the artwork.w
2) Complete the information below:
Treaty of Ghent (Crossroads page 318)
Title: A Hundred Years Peace
Artist: Amedee Forestier
Date: 1914
Define the event, place or person: After Napoleon surrendered to the British, Britain thought that they would be able to win the war by sending troops from Britain, though Duke of Wellington was asked to assess the situation, he said that the Americans could not win. Though Britain has already signing peace treating, then the British soon forced the peace treating toward the Americans so they could stop the war. Later on the British and the Americans did not gain any territories, all land was returned to the 1812 status. The treaty also stated that the British will not supply weapons to the Aboriginals, the British tried to fix the problem by making a BNA, but the Americans refused. The treaty also stated that Impressment will no longer be a problem for British and Americans military.
Significance: America declared war on Britain, near the end of the war, Britain wanted to sign a peace treating with America to put a stop to the war of 1812, the British soon forced the signing of the treaty. British, America and the Aboriginals did not gain anything, especially the Aboriginals because ever since Tecumseh died, the Aboriginals were left out of the picture.
Perspective: it is a British perspective because it shows the British as civil organized group of professionals and the Americans as bad posture disorganized people. The spotlight was on all the British soldiers but mainly on the guy handing the treaty to the head American

Part 4:
1) Create a video discussion of the significance of the War of 1812 using the events you researched above. (10-15min)
Consider:
a. Who won the War of 1812? Discuss all three perspectives.
b. Was the War of 1812 a pointless war?
c. Which parts of this war have the greatest impact on Canada today?
d. How was this war part of creating Canadian and American identity today?

Creating your Virtual Museum:
1) Each group member will create an account with Artsteps, In3DGallery or Classtools.net/3D. All group member should use the same website to stay consistent.
a. Be aware of image limits
2) Upload the information you gathered above and the images in your shared folder to the program to create your Virtual Museum.
3) Post a link to each museum on one of your blogs with all your names listed.
4) Post a viewable link to this document with you

https://youtu.be/An8zZ_n57xY