Part 3:
1) Define and state the significance of each of the following (Horizons – Chapter 4 – pages 156-160):
Term Definition/Background Significance
Rupert’s Land A huge part of modern day Canada around Hudson’s bay that was owned by the HBC in the 1860s Sold to Canada without considering the Metis tribe at Red River
Louis Riel Lawyer, Fluent in French and English, originally from Red River He became the leader of the Red River Resistance
Land surveyors Surveyed the Rupert’s land Didn’t listen or care about the metis concerns
Canada Party (page 155) A political party in hopes of taking control of the colony Increased tension with the Metis tribe who were already being discriminated against
Fort Garry Just a fort around the Metis area The Metis occupied it seizing weapons and were willing to fight for their rights
William McDougall An anti french man who was proclaimed by John a MacDonald as the governor of the Northwest Territories Messed up and upon proclaiming he was the governor he got locked in the states
John Schultz Arrested by the Riel and Armed Metis along with 48 of his followers Once the news got to ottawa John A MacDonald sent in a HBC person to negotiate he also stated that if negotiation didn’t work they would take it by force
Thomas Scott An Anti-Metis settler who was imprisoned. He was so out of hand and he physically assaulted guards so he was sentenced to death which cause implications for the Metis
John A MacDonald First Prime minister of Canada Wanted to create a dominion of Canada that stretched from one coast to the next, tried to deal with situations with the Metis peacefully.
Part 4:
1) What is scrip? How was the process of attaining scrip made difficult? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pages 167-168 and Collections Canada)
Scrip was a piece of paper that held monetary value either in money or land, they had no choice in where the land was located, and everyone only got one each 160$ for adults and 240$ for children. A lot of the time land would be over 6Km from water which could lead to problems.
2) What were the Laws of St Laurent? What happened to these laws and how was Lawrence Clarke involved? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pages 169-172)
The Laws of St. Laurent were community laws created to govern all parts of their lives, some hunters needed to hunt before the official season so they were caught and arrested by the hunt captain Dumont however Clarke the HBC owner and the official rule maker for the province was contacted by hunters and dumont was punished which made the laws pointless because people could get away with breaking them
3) How would you characterize Canada’s treatment of the Metis after the Red River Rebellion (explain by considering the Manitoba Act, and what happened with scrip and the Laws of St Laurent)?
Not well although they were allowed to live their own lifestyle but say someone were to break a St. Laurent law they would be punished but they could just appeal to the HBC and then they would be fine meaning their system was now broken meaning they have to throw away part of their life, also they now had to pay a lot of money for land that’s worse then the land they had before because of the scrip so Canada’s treatment of the Metis was sub par.
Provide sketch here
Part 5:
1) Explain why whiskey was a growing problem for First Nations people in the Plains. (CBC.ca)
Fur traders took advantage and got them drunk before trading, it also caused the residents of these places to become addicted to the alcohol and then all their furs were going for alcohol.
2) What are the reasons for the creation of the Northwest Mounted Police? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pages 174-175)
They created the NWMP to enforce the laws from Ottawa because although the land was Canadian it was hard to enforce the laws there. Canada was also scared of some of the land being taken over by Americans because they were trading whiskey for furs.
Part 6:
1) What are the reasons for the Aboriginals and Canada to enter into treaty negotiations?
Aboriginal Reasons Canada’s Reasons
They were desperate for food and they would get farming tools out of the deal
It was better than fighting the Canadians physically
They got money annually To get the land without fighting
Because they owned the land and they wanted no contest to it
2) What did the Aboriginals receive in Treaties 1-7 in exchange for giving up their rights to the land?
They received land from 24mx24m to 1.5×1.5km for families, Alcohol was banned from the reserves, they were subject to Canadian law, they could only leave their reserves with a permission slip. So they basically got some land and somewhere to continue living in their communities, they also got some money annually with the chief getting more money then the regular band members
Part 8:
1) Why did MacDonald develop the National Policy? (Horizons – Chapter 5 – pg 197)
As a campaign platform to get votes, this doesn’t seem unlikely because he asked for campaign money.
2) Define each of the three parts of the National policy. For each case, state why MacDonald thought it would benefit Canada:
Definition & how to get it done Benefits
Impose High Tariffs Tariff is import and export tax basically the idea is to raise them to protect Canadian industry and jobs Helps Canadian made industries grow and creates jobs, could get new technology to Canada, raises government revenue, keeps Canadians in their country and
Settle the West He made land free although not the best land, (10 dollars if you didn’t want to develop the land) Helps feed Canada and protect the land from America
Build a Transcontinental Railway Offers 25 million dollars and 25 million acres around the railway for a CPR Syndicate to build it in 10 years Connects Canada to the west and makes movement of people and goods much easier
3) What problems did the construction of the CPR encounter? How were these problems solved? (Route change? William Van Horne? Budget 1883?) (Horizons – Chapter 5 – 198-201)
Money was a definite issue because the Syndicate asked for more money (almost double) or they weren’t going to get it done in time. They also changed the route instead of going through yellowhead pass it went through kicking horse pass.
Part 9:
1) Read about the Northwest Rebellion here (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/). What were the causes of the Northwest Rebellion?
Aboriginals Metis
Rising fear and insecurity of the western settlers, with the HBC slowing down they were now low on food with little help from Ottawa Louis riel was exiled and he was the Metis leader at the time, didn’t have enough food and the HBC was slowing down so they were starving with little help from Ottawa
2) Using the same article from above, complete the following:
Historical Figure Role in the Northwest Rebellion What happened to them after the Northwest Rebellion?
Gabriel Dumont Was a military commander in the northwest rebellion Sent back to USA and didn’t get much jail time
Big Bear Resisted moving his people onto a reserve, took Metis and non-Metis settlers hostage Was tried and sentenced to prison for 3 years along with pound maker
Poundmaker Military general who fought Was tried and sentenced to prison for 3 years along with Big Bear
Louis Riel Pushed for people to fight to have their grievances heard by Ottawa Was executed by hanging for high treason
3) Why do you think Canada’s response to the Metis was different during the Red River Rebellion and the Northwest Rebellion?
At first they were complaining for treaties and then they starting complaining after as well so they were less sympathetic